HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

Cover Legend: "Arteries and Nerves of the Head and Neck," an anatomical model in colored wax (circa 1818) by Carlo Calenzuoli (dates uncertain). Anatomic instructional models trace their ancestry to Gaetano Zumbo, a Sicilian sculptor and anatomist who was brought to Florence by the Grand Duke of Tuscany around 1690. Wax models soon replaced Zumbo's wooden replicas, as anatomical discoveries made plasticity important. In Italy, surgeons and artists worked together in the "ceroplastica" (wax sculpture) laboratories of Bologna and FLorence [Chen, C. T., Amar, A. P., Levy, M. L., and Apuzzo, M. L. J. (1999) The development of anatomic art and sciences: the ceroplastica anatomic models of La Specola. Neurosurgery 45, 883]. The wax anatomical teaching model reached its apogee in Italy at the end of the 18th and early 19th centuries. Some of the finest work has been preserved in the famous La Specola Collection in Florence (formed in 1775), but examples of ceroplastica may be found in many European collections, such as this one in the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle in Paris. (Photograph by Bernard Faye from an exhibition at Nancy, catalogue published as Changeux J-P "La Lumiére au Siecle des Lumières & ajourd'hui" Odile Jacob Paris 2005. Printed with permission of Mme Van de Ponseele, Service Iconographique Bibliothéque du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle).