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The FASEB Journal, Vol 9, 576-596, Copyright © 1995 by The Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology

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Protein kinases 6. The eukaryotic protein kinase superfamily: kinase (catalytic) domain structure and classification

SK Hanks and T Hunter
Department of Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA.

The eukaryotic protein kinases make up a large superfamily of homologous proteins. They are related by virtue of their kinase domains (also known as catalytic domains), which consist of approximately 250- 300 amino acid residues. The kinase domains that define this group of enzymes contain 12 conserved subdomains that fold into a common catalytic core structure, as revealed by the 3-dimensional structures of several protein-serine kinases. There are two main subdivisions within the superfamily: the protein-serine/threonine kinases and the protein-tyrosine kinases. A classification scheme can be founded on a kinase domain phylogeny, which reveals families of enzymes that have related substrate specificities and modes of regulation.


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