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Olfactory uptake of manganese requires DMT1 and is enhanced by anemia

Khristy Thompson^*, Ramon M. Molina, Thomas Donaghey, James E. Schwob, Joseph D. Brain and Marianne Wessling-Resnick^*

Departments of
^* Genetics and Complex Diseases and

Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; and

Department of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

¹Correspondence: Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA. E-mail: wessling{at}hsph.harvard.edu

Manganese, an essential nutrient, can also elicit toxicity in the central nervous system (CNS). The route of exposure strongly influences the potential neurotoxicity of manganese-containing compounds. Recent studies suggest that inhaled manganese can enter the rat brain through the olfactory system, but little is known about the molecular factors involved. Divalent metal transporter-1 (DMT1) is the major transporter responsible for intestinal iron absorption and its expression is regulated by body iron status. To examine the potential role of this transporter in uptake of inhaled manganese, we studied the Belgrade rat, since these animals display significant defects in both iron and manganese metabolism due to a glycine-to-arginine substitution (G185R) in their DMT1 gene product. Absorption of intranasally instilled ⁵⁴Mn was significantly reduced in Belgrade rats and was enhanced in iron-deficient rats compared to iron-sufficient controls. Immunohistochemical experiments revealed that DMT1 was localized to both the lumen microvilli and end feet of the sustentacular cells of the olfactory epithelium. Importantly, we found that DMT1 protein levels were increased in anemic rats. The apparent function of DMT1 in olfactory manganese absorption suggests that the neurotoxicity of the metal can be modified by iron status due to the iron-responsive regulation of the transporter.—Thompson, K., Molina, R. M., Donaghey, T., Schwob, J. E., Brain, J. D., Wessling-Resnick, M. Olfactory uptake of manganese requires DMT1 and is enhanced by anemia.

Key Words: Belgrade rat • iron deficiency

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