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,
,,**,,1
* INSERM "Avenir" Paris 6 University, EA 3502, Nutrition Department, AP/HP, Hôtel-Dieu, Paris, France;
Unité de Recherches sur les obésités Inserm UPS U586, Institut Louis Bugnard, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France;
Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, French Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm U586) and 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic;
Institut für Kardiovasculare Physiologie, J. W. Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
¶ INSERM U449 and Human Nutrition Research Center of Lyon, Faculty of Medicine R. Laennec, Lyon, France;
|| LIM & BIO, Paris Nord University, France;
# Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Beckman Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, California, USA; and
** Department of Sports Medicine and Obesity Unit, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
1Correspondence: K. C., Department of Nutrition, Hôtel-Dieu, 75181 Paris cedex 04, France. E-mail: karine.clement{at}htd.ap-hop-paris.fr or D.L., Inserm UPS U586, Institut Louis Bugnard, Bâtiment L3, CHU Rangueil, 31403 Toulouse Cedex 4, France. E-mail: langin{at}inserm.toulouse.fr
Adipose tissue produces inflammation and immunity molecules suspected to be involved in obesity-related complications. The pattern of expression and the nutritional regulation of these molecules in humans are poorly understood. We analyzed the gene expression profiles of subcutaneous white adipose tissue from 29 obese subjects during very low calorie diet (VLCD) using cDNA microarray and reverse transcription quantitative PCR. The patterns of expression were compared with that of 17 non-obese subjects. We determined whether the regulated genes were expressed in adipocytes or stromavascular fraction cells. Gene expression profiling identified 100 inflammation-related transcripts that are regulated in obese individuals when eating a 28 day VLCD but not a 2 day VLCD. Cluster analysis showed that the pattern of gene expression in obese subjects after 28 day VLCD was closer to the profile of lean subjects than to the pattern of obese subjects before VLCD. Weight loss improves the inflammatory profile of obese subjects through a decrease of proinflammatory factors and an increase of anti-inflammatory molecules. The genes are expressed mostly in the stromavascular fraction of adipose tissue, which is shown to contain numerous macrophages. The beneficial effect of weight loss on obesity-related complications may be associated with the modification of the inflammatory profile in adipose tissue.—Clément, K., Viguerie, N., Poitou, C., Carette, C., Pelloux, V., Curat, C. A., Sicard, A., Rome, S., Benis, A., Zucker, J.-D., Vidal, H., Laville, M., Barsh, G. S., Basdevant, A., Stich, V., Cancello R., Langin, D. Weight loss regulates inflammation-related genes in white adipose tissue of obese subjects.
Key Words: obesity • gene profiling • calorie restriction • microarray
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