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Carl-Ludwig-Institute of Physiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
1Correspondence: Carl-Ludwig-Institute of Physiology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 27, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. E-mail: wenr{at}medizin.uni-leipzig.de
Although it was known for a long time that oxygen deprivation leads to the transcriptional induction of the gene encoding erythropoietin, the molecular mechanisms behind this process remained enigmatic. The cloning of the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), the finding that HIF-1 regulates the expression of many more genes apart from erythropoietin, and the elucidation of the oxygen-dependent mechanisms degrading the HIF 
subunits recently led to the spectacular discovery of the molecular principles of oxygen sensing. This review aims to summarize our current knowledge of oxygen-regulated gene expression.—Wenger, R. H. Cellular adaptation to hypoxia: O2-sensing protein hydroxylases, hypoxia-inducible transcription factors, and O2-regulated gene expression.
Key Words: environmental adaptation • erythropoietin • oxygen • transcriptional regulation • vascular endothelial growth factor
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