| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
* Department of Pharmacology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1532, USA;
Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom;
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029-6574, USA
1Correspondence: Department of Pharmacology, University of Wisconsin, 1300 University Ave., Madison, WI 53706-1532, USA. E-mail: bkkay{at}facstaff.wisc.edu
Acommon focus among molecular and cellular biologists is the identification of proteins that interact with each other. Yeast two-hybrid, cDNA expression library screening, and coimmunoprecipitation experiments are powerful methods for identifying novel proteins that bind to one’s favorite protein for the purpose of learning more regarding its cellular function. These same techniques, coupled with truncation and mutagenesis experiments, have been used to define the region of interaction between pairs of proteins. One conclusion from this work is that many interactions occur over short regions, often less than 10 amino acids in length within one protein. For example, mapping studies and 3-dimensional analyses of antigen–antibody interactions have revealed that epitopes are typically 4–7 residues long (1) . Other examples include protein-interaction modules, such as Src homology (SH) 2 and 3 domains, phosphotyrosine binding domains (PTB), postsynaptic density/disc-large/ZO1 (PDZ) domains, WW domains, Eps15 homology (EH) domains, and 14–3-3 proteins that typically recognize linear regions of 3–9 amino acids. Each of these domains has been the subject of recent reviews published elsewhere (2 3 4 5 6 7) . Among the primary structures of many ligands for protein–protein interactions, the amino acid proline is critical. In particular, SH3, WW, and several new protein-interaction domains prefer ligand sequences that are proline-rich. In addition, even though ligands for EH domains and 14–3-3 domains are not proline-rich, they do include a single proline residue. This review highlights the analysis of those protein–protein interactions that involve proline residues, the biochemistry of proline, and current drug discovery efforts based on proline peptidomimetics.—Kay, B. K., Williamson, M. P., Sudol, M. The importance of being proline: the interaction of proline-rich motifs in signaling proteins with their cognate domains.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  M. A. M. Reijns, R. D. Alexander, M. P. Spiller, and J. D. Beggs A role for Q/N-rich aggregation-prone regions in P-body localization J. Cell Sci., August 1, 2008; 121(15): 2463 - 2472. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Rotem, C. Katz, H. Benyamini, M. Lebendiker, D. Veprintsev, S. Rudiger, T. Danieli, and A. Friedler The Structure and Interactions of the Proline-rich Domain of ASPP2 J. Biol. Chem., July 4, 2008; 283(27): 18990 - 18999. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Jamsai, D. M Bianco, S. J Smith, D. J Merriner, J. D Ly-Huynh, A. Herlihy, B. Niranjan, G. M Gibbs, and M. K O'Bryan Characterization of gametogenetin 1 (GGN1) and its potential role in male fertility through the interaction with the ion channel regulator, cysteine-rich secretory protein 2 (CRISP2) in the sperm tail Reproduction, June 1, 2008; 135(6): 751 - 759. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Tanimoto, T. Le, L. Zhu, H.E. Witkowska, S. Robinson, S. Hall, P. Hwang, P. DenBesten, and W. Li Reduced Amelogenin-MMP20 Interactions in Amelogenesis Imperfecta J. Dent. Res., May 1, 2008; 87(5): 451 - 455. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Shibata, H. Suzuki, T. Kakiuchi, T. Inuzuka, H. Yoshida, T. Mizuno, and M. Maki Identification of Alix-type and Non-Alix-type ALG-2-binding Sites in Human Phospholipid Scramblase 3: DIFFERENTIAL BINDING TO AN ALTERNATIVELY SPLICED ISOFORM AND AMINO ACID-SUBSTITUTED MUTANTS J. Biol. Chem., April 11, 2008; 283(15): 9623 - 9632. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Belas, I. B. Zhulin, and Z. Yang Bacterial Signaling and Motility: Sure Bets J. Bacteriol., March 15, 2008; 190(6): 1849 - 1856. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 X.-J. Cheng, W. Xu, Q.-Y. Zhang, and R.-L. Zhou Relationship between LAPTM4B gene polymorphism and susceptibility of colorectal and esophageal cancers Ann. Onc., March 1, 2008; 19(3): 527 - 532. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Y. Churbanova and I. F. Sevrioukova Redox-dependent Changes in Molecular Properties of Mitochondrial Apoptosis-inducing Factor J. Biol. Chem., February 29, 2008; 283(9): 5622 - 5631. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. L. Brady, P. G. Fuerst, R. A. Dick, C. Schmidt, and D. F. Voytas Retrotransposon Target Site Selection by Imitation of a Cellular Protein Mol. Cell. Biol., February 15, 2008; 28(4): 1230 - 1239. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. M. Benz, C. Blume, J. Moebius, C. Oschatz, K. Schuh, A. Sickmann, U. Walter, S. M. Feller, and T. Renne Cytoskeleton assembly at endothelial cell cell contacts is regulated by {alpha}II-spectrin VASP complexes J. Cell Biol., January 10, 2008; 180(1): 205 - 219. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. B. Clark, M. Janicke, U. Gottesbuhren, T. Kleffmann, M. Legge, E. S. Poole, and W. P. Tate Mammalian Gene PEG10 Expresses Two Reading Frames by High Efficiency 1 Frameshifting in Embryonic-associated Tissues J. Biol. Chem., December 28, 2007; 282(52): 37359 - 37369. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Montalbano, W. Jin, M. S. Sheikh, and Y. Huang RBEL1 Is a Novel Gene That Encodes a Nucleocytoplasmic Ras Superfamily GTP-binding Protein and Is Overexpressed in Breast Cancer J. Biol. Chem., December 28, 2007; 282(52): 37640 - 37649. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Lee, S. Gannavaram, A. Selvapandiyan, and A. Debrabant Characterization of Metacaspases with Trypsin-Like Activity and Their Putative Role in Programmed Cell Death in the Protozoan Parasite Leishmania Eukaryot. Cell, October 1, 2007; 6(10): 1745 - 1757. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Z. Imam, F. E. Indig, W.-H. Cheng, S. P. Saxena, T. Stevnsner, D. Kufe, and V. A. Bohr Cockayne syndrome protein B interacts with and is phosphorylated by c-Abl tyrosine kinase Nucleic Acids Res., August 1, 2007; 35(15): 4941 - 4951. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Nikko and B. Andre Split-Ubiquitin Two-Hybrid Assay To Analyze Protein-Protein Interactions at the Endosome: Application to Saccharomyces cerevisiae Bro1 Interacting with ESCRT Complexes, the Doa4 Ubiquitin Hydrolase, and the Rsp5 Ubiquitin Ligase Eukaryot. Cell, August 1, 2007; 6(8): 1266 - 1277. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Ferraro, D. Peluso, A. Via, G. Ausiello, and M. Helmer-Citterich SH3-Hunter: discovery of SH3 domain interaction sites in proteins Nucleic Acids Res., July 13, 2007; 35(suppl_2): W451 - W454. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Itoh, A. Taketomi, S. Tanaka, N. Harimoto, Y.-i. Yamashita, S.-i. Aishima, T. Maeda, K. Shirabe, M. Shimada, and Y. Maehara Role of Growth Factor Receptor Bound Protein 7 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Mol. Cancer Res., July 1, 2007; 5(7): 667 - 673. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 V. De Filippis, A. Draghi, R. Frasson, C. Grandi, V. Musi, A. Fontana, and A. Pastore o-Nitrotyrosine and p-iodophenylalanine as spectroscopic probes for structural characterization of SH3 complexes Protein Sci., July 1, 2007; 16(7): 1257 - 1265. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. M. Gibbs, D. M. Bianco, D. Jamsai, A. Herlihy, S. Ristevski, R. J. Aitken, D. M. d. Kretser, and M. K. O'Bryan Cysteine-Rich Secretory Protein 2 Binds to Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinase 11 in Mouse Sperm Biol Reprod, July 1, 2007; 77(1): 108 - 114. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. S. Yatsenko, E. E. Gray, H. R. Shcherbata, L. B. Patterson, V. D. Sood, M. M. Kucherenko, D. Baker, and H. Ruohola-Baker A Putative Src Homology 3 Domain Binding Motif but Not the C-terminal Dystrophin WW Domain Binding Motif Is Required for Dystroglycan Function in Cellular Polarity in Drosophila J. Biol. Chem., May 18, 2007; 282(20): 15159 - 15169. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J.-S. Chung, K. Sato, I. I. Dougherty, P. D. Cruz Jr, and K. Ariizumi DC-HIL is a negative regulator of T lymphocyte activation Blood, May 15, 2007; 109(10): 4320 - 4327. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Wagner and G. Klug An Archaeal Protein with Homology to the Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 5A Shows Ribonucleolytic Activity J. Biol. Chem., May 11, 2007; 282(19): 13966 - 13976. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. T. H. Wu, P. Sutovsky, G. Manandhar, W. Xu, M. Katayama, B. N. Day, K.-W. Park, Y.-J. Yi, Y. W. Xi, R. S. Prather, et al. PAWP, a Sperm-specific WW Domain-binding Protein, Promotes Meiotic Resumption and Pronuclear Development during Fertilization J. Biol. Chem., April 20, 2007; 282(16): 12164 - 12175. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. J. Spatz, L. Petherbridge, Y. Zhao, and V. Nair Comparative full-length sequence analysis of oncogenic and vaccine (Rispens) strains of Marek's disease virus J. Gen. Virol., April 1, 2007; 88(4): 1080 - 1096. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Toledo, C. J. Lee, K. A. Krummel, L.-W. Rodewald, C.-W. Liu, and G. M. Wahl Mouse Mutants Reveal that Putative Protein Interaction Sites in the p53 Proline-Rich Domain Are Dispensable for Tumor Suppression Mol. Cell. Biol., February 15, 2007; 27(4): 1425 - 1432. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 V. Neduva and R. B. Russell Proline-Rich Regions in Transcriptional Complexes: Heading in Many Directions Sci. Signal., January 16, 2007; 2007(369): pe1 - pe1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. Tian, L. Chen, H. McClafferty, C. A. Sailer, P. Ruth, H.-G. Knaus, and M. J. Shipston A noncanonical SH3 domain binding motif links BK channels to the actin cytoskeleton via the SH3 adapter cortactin FASEB J, December 1, 2006; 20(14): 2588 - 2590. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Choi and A. Rajkovic Characterization of NOBOX DNA Binding Specificity and Its Regulation of Gdf9 and Pou5f1 Promoters J. Biol. Chem., November 24, 2006; 281(47): 35747 - 35756. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. He and C. N. Falany Characterization of Proline-Serine-Rich Carboxyl Terminus in Human Sulfotransferase 2B1b: Immunogenicity, Subcellular Localization, Kinetic Properties, and Phosphorylation Drug Metab. Dispos., October 1, 2006; 34(10): 1749 - 1755. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Ferraro, A. Via, G. Ausiello, and M. Helmer-Citterich A novel structure-based encoding for machine-learning applied to the inference of SH3 domain specificity Bioinformatics, October 1, 2006; 22(19): 2333 - 2339. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H.C. Margolis, E. Beniash, and C.E. Fowler Role of Macromolecular Assembly of Enamel Matrix Proteins in Enamel Formation J. Dent. Res., September 1, 2006; 85(9): 775 - 793. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Leykauf, M. Salek, J. Bomke, M. Frech, W.-D. Lehmann, M. Durst, and A. Alonso Ubiquitin protein ligase Nedd4 binds to connexin43 by a phosphorylation-modulated process. J. Cell Sci., September 1, 2006; 119(Pt 17): 3634 - 3642. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Kumar, J. Manning, H. E. Spendlove, G. Kremmidiotis, R. McKirdy, J. Lee, D. N. Millband, K. M. Cheney, M. R. Stampfer, P. P. Dwivedi, et al. ZNF652, A Novel Zinc Finger Protein, Interacts with the Putative Breast Tumor Suppressor CBFA2T3 to Repress Transcription Mol. Cancer Res., September 1, 2006; 4(9): 655 - 665. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Murakami, W. Xie, R. C. Lu, M.-C. Chen-Hwang, A. Wieraszko, and Y. W. Hwang Phosphorylation of Amphiphysin I by Minibrain Kinase/Dual-specificity Tyrosine Phosphorylation-regulated Kinase, a Kinase Implicated in Down Syndrome J. Biol. Chem., August 18, 2006; 281(33): 23712 - 23724. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Wild-Bode, K. Fellerer, J. Kugler, C. Haass, and A. Capell A Basolateral Sorting Signal Directs ADAM10 to Adherens Junctions and Is Required for Its Function in Cell Migration J. Biol. Chem., August 18, 2006; 281(33): 23824 - 23829. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. Enkhmandakh, A. V. Makeyev, and D. Bayarsaihan The role of the proline-rich domain of Ssdp1 in the modular architecture of the vertebrate head organizer PNAS, August 1, 2006; 103(31): 11631 - 11636. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. L. Duennwald, S. Jagadish, F. Giorgini, P. J. Muchowski, and S. Lindquist A network of protein interactions determines polyglutamine toxicity PNAS, July 18, 2006; 103(29): 11051 - 11056. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. R. Schiller, K. Chakrabarti, G. F. King, N. I. Schiller, B. A. Eipper, and M. W. Maciejewski Regulation of RhoGEF Activity by Intramolecular and Intermolecular SH3 Domain Interactions J. Biol. Chem., July 7, 2006; 281(27): 18774 - 18786. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 I. Komla-Soukha and C. Sureau A tryptophan-rich motif in the carboxyl terminus of the small envelope protein of hepatitis B virus is central to the assembly of hepatitis delta virus particles. J. Virol., May 1, 2006; 80(10): 4648 - 4655. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Grundling and O. Schneewind Cross-Linked Peptidoglycan Mediates Lysostaphin Binding to the Cell Wall Envelope of Staphylococcus aureus. J. Bacteriol., April 1, 2006; 188(7): 2463 - 2472. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Masin, D. Kerschensteiner, K. Dumke, M. E. Rubio, and F. Soto Fe65 Interacts with P2X2 Subunits at Excitatory Synapses and Modulates Receptor Function J. Biol. Chem., February 17, 2006; 281(7): 4100 - 4108. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Gareus, A. Di Nardo, V. Rybin, and W. Witke Mouse Profilin 2 Regulates Endocytosis and Competes with SH3 Ligand Binding to Dynamin 1 J. Biol. Chem., February 3, 2006; 281(5): 2803 - 2811. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Cheng, X. Altafaj, M. Ronjat, and R. Coronado Interaction between the dihydropyridine receptor Ca2+ channel {beta}-subunit and ryanodine receptor type 1 strengthens excitation-contraction coupling PNAS, December 27, 2005; 102(52): 19225 - 19230. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. B. Gill, J.-E. Murphy, and J. D. Fingeroth Functional Divergence of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus and Related Gamma-2 Herpesvirus Thymidine Kinases: Novel Cytoplasmic Phosphoproteins That Alter Cellular Morphology and Disrupt Adhesion J. Virol., December 1, 2005; 79(23): 14647 - 14659. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. L. Cioffi, S. Wu, M. Alexeyev, S. R. Goodman, M. X. Zhu, and T. Stevens Activation of the Endothelial Store-Operated ISOC Ca2+ Channel Requires Interaction of Protein 4.1 With TRPC4 Circ. Res., November 25, 2005; 97(11): 1164 - 1172. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. M. Davison, M. M. Harrison, A. J. M. Walhout, M. Vidal, and H. R. Horvitz lin-8, Which Antagonizes Caenorhabditis elegans Ras-Mediated Vulval Induction, Encodes a Novel Nuclear Protein That Interacts With the LIN-35 Rb Protein Genetics, November 1, 2005; 171(3): 1017 - 1031. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Bhaskar, S.-H. Yen, and G. Lee Disease-related Modifications in Tau Affect the Interaction between Fyn and Tau J. Biol. Chem., October 21, 2005; 280(42): 35119 - 35125. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Bratt, O. Birot, I. Sinha, N. Veitonmaki, K. Aase, M. Ernkvist, and L. Holmgren Angiomotin Regulates Endothelial Cell-Cell Junctions and Cell Motility J. Biol. Chem., October 14, 2005; 280(41): 34859 - 34869. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. S. Lee, J. H. Kim, I. H. Jang, H. S. Kim, J. M. Han, A. Kazlauskas, H. Yagisawa, P.-G. Suh, and S. H. Ryu Phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate specifically interacts with the phox homology domain of phospholipase D1 and stimulates its activity J. Cell Sci., October 1, 2005; 118(19): 4405 - 4413. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Kofler, K. Motzny, M. Beyermann, and C. Freund Novel Interaction Partners of the CD2BP2-GYF Domain J. Biol. Chem., September 30, 2005; 280(39): 33397 - 33402. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. S. Choi, A. Khurana, R. Mathur, V. Viswanathan, D. F. Steele, and D. Fedida Kv1.5 Surface Expression Is Modulated by Retrograde Trafficking of Newly Endocytosed Channels by the Dynein Motor Circ. Res., August 19, 2005; 97(4): 363 - 371. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Mani and E. P. Gelmann The Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathway and Its Role in Cancer J. Clin. Oncol., July 20, 2005; 23(21): 4776 - 4789. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Solomaha, F. L. Szeto, M. A. Yousef, and H. C. Palfrey Kinetics of Src Homology 3 Domain Association with the Proline-rich Domain of Dynamins: SPECIFICITY, OCCLUSION, AND THE EFFECTS OF PHOSPHORYLATION J. Biol. Chem., June 17, 2005; 280(24): 23147 - 23156. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. C. Ferreon, A. C. M. Ferreon, K. Li, and S. M. Lemon Molecular Determinants of TRIF Proteolysis Mediated by the Hepatitis C Virus NS3/4A Protease J. Biol. Chem., May 27, 2005; 280(21): 20483 - 20492. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. J. GRAINGER and J. D. BEGGS Prp8 protein: At the heart of the spliceosome RNA, May 1, 2005; 11(5): 533 - 557. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Bour, J.-L. Plassat, A. Bauer, S. Lalevee, and C. Rochette-Egly Vinexin {beta} Interacts with the Non-phosphorylated AF-1 Domain of Retinoid Receptor {gamma} (RAR{gamma}) and Represses RAR{gamma}-mediated Transcription J. Biol. Chem., April 29, 2005; 280(17): 17027 - 17037. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Wessels, D. Duijsings, R. A. Notebaart, W. J. G. Melchers, and F. J. M. van Kuppeveld A Proline-Rich Region in the Coxsackievirus 3A Protein Is Required for the Protein To Inhibit Endoplasmic Reticulum-to-Golgi Transport J. Virol., April 15, 2005; 79(8): 5163 - 5173. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Watanabe and E. Lam Two Arabidopsis Metacaspases AtMCP1b and AtMCP2b Are Arginine/Lysine-specific Cysteine Proteases and Activate Apoptosis-like Cell Death in Yeast J. Biol. Chem., April 15, 2005; 280(15): 14691 - 14699. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. I. Akbarali Signal-Transduction Pathways that Regulate Smooth Muscle Function II. Receptor-ion channel coupling mechanisms in gastrointestinal smooth muscle Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, April 1, 2005; 288(4): G598 - G602. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Srinivasan, D. Lu, R. Eri, D. D. Brand, A. Haque, and J. S. Blum CD80 Binding Polyproline Helical Peptide Inhibits T Cell Activation J. Biol. Chem., March 18, 2005; 280(11): 10149 - 10155. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
