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Figure 7. Cell viability assay and Immunofluorescence imaging of cells treated with AßP142. AßP-induced cellular toxicity was blocked by Zn2+ and by the removal of extracellular calcium, but not by tachykinin or NMDA antagonist. Fluorescence images of neuronal cells treated with calcein (live cells: left panels A, C, E, G, I, K) and ethidium homodimer 1 (dead cells: right panels B, D, F, H, J, L) after treatment are shown. A, B) Control cells not treated with AßP142. C, D) Cells after treatment with 10 µM AßP142. E, F) Cells after treatment with AßP142 in the absence of extracellular calcium. G, H) Cells after treatment with AßP142 in the presence of 50 µM ZnCl2. Zn2+ protected cells from AßP-induced toxicity. I, J) Cells after treatment with AßP142 in the in the presence of 20 µM tachykinin (physalemin). K, L) Cells after treatment with AßP142 in the presence of 20 µM MK-801. No protection from AßP-induced cellular toxicity was observed for the cells treated with tachykinin or NMDA receptor antagonist. Immunofluorescence labeling: neurons were incubated with 5 µM AßP142 for 3 h and immunolabeled with either M) a monoclonal anti-AßP antibody (3D6) or N) normal mouse IgG as a negative control, followed by cy-3-conjugated secondary antibody. O) Neurons not treated with AßP142 exhibited none to little auto AßP immunofluorescence.
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