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Figure 2. Expression of PlGF, chemokines, and related factors in mice after a single intratracheal instillation with nanoTiO2. A) Real-time quantitative RT-PCR for flt-1 (PlGF receptor), flt-3, plgf, chemokines (cxcl1, cxcl5, ccl3), and apoptosis-related factors (trail and ptger4). The data are expressed as the fold increase compared with the NS control ±SD. *P < 0.05 vs. the NS control; **P < 0.05 vs. microTiO2 (n=4). B) Western blotting for the effect of nanoTiO2 on PlGF protein expression. The right panel shows the expression of PlGF relative to that for 
-tubulin expressed as a fold increase compared with the NS control ±SD. *P < 0.05 vs. NS control (n=4). C) Serum PlGF protein levels measured by ELISA. Data are expressed as the mean ±SD. *P < 0.05 vs. controls (n=4). D) Immunohistochemical staining with anti-PlGF2 antibody (Ab) showing overexpression of PlGF (brown color, DAB staining) in mice lung tissues after intratracheal instillation with nanoTiO2 (0.1 mg and 0.5 mg per mice). Similar results were obtained in 4 experiments.
