| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
ABCA1. See Adenosine triphosphate binding cassette transporter ABCA1
Academic medical centers: translational research in, obstacles facing, 2303
Acetylcholine: in immunity, 1575
Acetylcholinesterase: stress-associated, testicular expression of, as predictor of male infertility, 2039
n-Acetylcysteine: lung injury and, 1181
N1Acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine: as antioxidant, 2294
Acid sphingomyelinase: ceramide induction of, oxidized LDL-induced apoptosis and, 807
Acinar cells: pancreatic, calcium-magnesium interactions in, 659
Acquired immune deficiency virus: murine, increased cAMP levels and protein kinase A activation in, 1466
Actin filaments: RhoA signaling and, in cardiac hypertrophy, 785
Activator protein 1
angiotensin II-induced binding activity of, in ventricular cardiomyocytes, 2291
flurbiprofen inhibition of, 2, 595
in nitric oxide-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, 2518
Acupuncture: action mechanism of, 2275
ADAM10: regulation by prodomain and proprotein convertases, 1837
Adenosine
signaling mechanism for, in RhoA cardioprotection, 1886
tonic inhibition of, in white adipocytes, leptin-induced lipolysis and, 333
Adenosine A2A receptor signaling: aberrant, by mutant huntingtin, 1245
Adenosine monophosphate: p90RSK activation by, 2539
Adenosine receptors: expression and function in dendritic cells, 1963
Adenosine triphosphate
in DctD, novel dimer for two-component signaling in, 1326
extracellular formation of, on vascular endothelial cells, 251
peripheral channels sensitive to, in nuclear pores, 1895
Adenosine triphosphate/adenosine diphosphate ratio: muscle uncoupling protein-3 overexpression and, 2033
Adenoviral vectors: doxycycline-regulated, p27 overexpression by, and inhibition of cell migration and angiogenesis, 1877
Adenovirus-mediated IL-10 gene transfer: atherogenesis and, 2730
Adenylyl cyclase
in inositol hexakisphosphate enhancement of L-type Ca2+ channels, 1753
seminal plasma activation of, 673
Adhesion molecule expression: 
-lipoic acid inhibition of, in aortic endothelial cells, 2423
Adipocytes
absence of fatty acid-binding protein in, atherosclerosis formation and, 1774
brown, leptin in, insulin and glucocorticoid regulation of, 1357
fatty acid-binding protein in, atherosclerosis development and, in hypercholesterolemia, 2733
IRS-2 expression in, PARP and, 215
lipid metabolism by, dietary calcium and, 291
lipolysis in, intracellular calcium inhibition of, 2527
plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 induction by thiazolidinedione in, 1233
white, tonic inhibition of adenosine in, leptin-induced lipolysis and, 333
Adipose tissue: growth of, angiotensinogen in, 2727
Adipostatic hormones, 1996
ADP: osteolysis by, bone cell P2Y1 receptor in, 1139
ß-Adrenergic agonists: in regulation of TNF--induced eotaxin release from airway smooth muscle cells, 261
ß-Adrenergic receptors
cardiomyocyte proliferation and, in early postnatal life, 1921
overexpression of, effect on calcium handling and junctin expression in heart, 2718
signaling by, in regulation of TNF--induced eotaxin release from airway smooth muscle cells, 261
Advanced glycation end products (AGE): diabetic glomerulopathy and, 2471
AFMK. See N1-Acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine
Age/aging
heavy metal resistance and, in Caenorhabditis elegans, 627
lipid abnormalities in, leptin resistance and, 108
mitochondrial changes in, N-t-butyl hydroxylamine reversal of, 2196
mitochondrial DNA deletions and, sarcopenia and, 322
myocardial oxidative stress in, lipoic acid reversal of, 700
retinal ganglion cell degeneration and, after ischemia/reperfusion, 1285
Agonism: GPCR conformation and, 598
AIDS. See Acquired immune deficiency virus
Air exposure: cellular protein-tyrosine phosphatases oxidation by, 1637
Airway
epithelial cells of, glutathione peroxidase in, 70
hyperresponsive, calcium sensors as therapeutic targets in, 1831
mucosal host defense in, hyaluronan in, 2179
smooth muscle cells in
sphingosine 1-phosphate and, 1212
TNF--induced eotaxin release from, corticosteroid and ß2-agonist regulation of, 261
VEGF secretion by, bradykinin and, 2480
Akt/protein kinase B
angiotensin II activation of, mechanism of, 1909
cancer cell invasion promoted by, 1953
Albinism: as endoplasmic reticulum retention disease, 2149
Alcohol (ethanol)
angiotensin II and, 1640
brain histamine in rat preferring, 1074
consumption of, histamine receptor modulation and, 1074
gastric mucosa injured by, in portal hypertension, MAP kinase activation in, 574
hepatitis proteins potentiated by, 2551
liver disease from, pathogenesis of, 1335
teratogenesis from, octanol antagonism by, 1649
Allergen: birch pollen Bet v 1, genetic engineering of, 2045
Allergic diathesis: T cell inducible VIP receptor and, 2489
Allergy therapy: IgE mimotope fusion proteins in, 2524
Allergy vaccination: against Ph1 p 1, nonanaphylactic synthetic peptides in, 2042
Altered peptide ligand: inhibition of myasthenogenic T cell functions by, 187
Altitude: exhaustive exercise and, 1181
Alveolar macrophages: cigarette smoking effects on, 1110
Alveolus: surfactant protein A beyond, 59
Alzheimer’s disease
amyloid ß aggregation and neurotoxicity in
nitrophenol effects on, 1297
via FPRL1, 2454
amyloid ß ion channel formation in, 2433
amyloid ß-induced brain dysfunction in, nitric oxide production and, 1407, 1463
amyloid precursor protein in
cytokine and nitric oxide production and, 1463
memory impairment/cholinergic dysfunction by, 1816
ubiquitin mutant in, neuronal death and, 2680
wortmannin and, 16
Amino acid metabolism: PPAR in, 1971
ß-Amino acids: as peptidase inhibitors, 1664
AMP: cyclic. See Cyclic AMP
Amphiphysin 1: in endocytosis of senescent cells, 1625
Amyloid A: serum, in brain, response to inflammatory mediators, 2241
Amyloid ß
aggregation and neurotoxicity of, nitrophenol effects on, 1297
brain dysfunction induced by, nitric oxide production and, 1407, 1463
internalization via FPRL1, macrophage fibrillar aggregate formation and, 2454
ion channel formation by, 2433
mitochondria as target for, 1439
Amyloid precursor protein
cytokine and nitric oxide production and, 1463
memory impairment/cholinergic dysfunction by, 1816
Amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme: proprotein convertase cleavage of, 1810
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase: immortalization by, 1416
Angiogenesis
in confrontation cultures, 995
endostatin and, 1044
extracellular matrix protein 1 in, 988
FGF-2-induced, platelet factor 4 inhibition of, 550
fibrocyte induction of, 2215
heparanase as mediator of, 1661
IFN-inducible protein 10 and, in myocardial infarction, 1428
p27 inhibition of, 1877
plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 and, 1021
resveratrol suppression of, 1798
triggered by bradykinin/B1 receptor, nitric oxide and FGF-2 in, 1487
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 gene in, 1028
Angiogenic laminin peptide: binding to vß3 and 5ß1 integrins, 1389
Angiogensin II: 3 integrin-tetraspanin complex in response to, 1457
Angiotensin AT1 receptor: post-transcriptional regulation of, 1490
Angiotensin II
Akt/protein kinase B activation by, mechanism of, 1909
alcohol intake and, 1640
aspirin and, 1822
signaling by, in ventricular cardiomyocytes, 2291
Angiotensinogen: in adipose tissue growth and blood pressure regulation, 2727
Annexin I peptides: in protection against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion, action mechanism of, 2247
Annexin VI: acidic pH-induced folding of, lipid bilayer insertion and, 1083
Antihelmintic depsipeptide PF1022A: parasitic nematode latrophilin-like receptor as target for, 1332
Anti-interferon-
action of green tea: STAT1 inhibition and, 1309
Antimicrobial: salt-sensitive spectrum of, of ß-defensin 4, 1819
Antimicrobial peptides: synthesis of, in frog skin, 1431
Antioxidants
AFMK as, 2294
directly operating, NAD(P)H as, 1569
mitochondrial, N-t-butyl hydroxylamine as, 2196
Antitrypsin 1: HIV inhibition by, 115
Antiviral activity: of plant ribosome-inactivating proteins, 1493
Aortic endothelial cells: TNF--activated NF-
B in, -lipoic acid inhibition of, 2423
Aortic regurgitation: uncoupling protein in, 1206
Aortic smooth muscle cells: nitric oxide induction of heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor in, 1472
Apolipoprotein D: leptin receptor interaction with, energy homeostasis and, 1329
Apolipoprotein E
deficiency in mice, relevance to apoE-related disorders in humans, 2623
hypertriglyceridemia and, 1598
restenosis in hypercholesterolemia in absence of, gene therapy for, 2162
Apoptosis. See also Cell death; Inhibitor of apoptosis protein
of breast cancer cells, five-lipoxygenase inhibitors and, 2007
Calsenilin/DREAM/KchIP3 and, 589
of cancer cells, vitamin E succinate and, 403
of cardiomyocytes
in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion, B-crystallin and, 393
nitric oxide-induced, AP-1 in, 2518
of cervical carcinoma cells, by E7-binding aptamers, 592
of colon cancer cells, aspirin-induced NF-B signaling pathway in, 1273
dopamine-induced, dopamine transporter interaction with -synuclein in, 913
of endothelial cells in ischemic liver, platelet-leukocyte synergism in, 1230
enhanced by ganglioside GD3 inactivation of NF-B, 1068
Fas-dependent, of biliary epithelial cells, CD40 in, 2345
of fetal hepatocytes, by TGF-ß, ROS and, 741
of fetal neurons, choline deficiency and, 1704
glucocorticoid-induced, DNA chip analysis during, 693
of hybridoma cells, T cell receptor-induced caspase activation and, Fyn in, 1777
induced by homocysteine plus copper, [gamma-]glutamyl transpeptidase activity and, 1927
induced by mitochondrial sphingomyelin pool hydrolysis, 2669
of islets, IRS-1 genetic polymorphism and, 22
of neutrophils, vascular smooth muscle delay of, 1813
NF-B and, in heat shock, 270
oxidative stress-induced, cathepsin D and, 1592
oxidized LDL-induced, ceramide-induced acid sphingomyelinase and, 807
in p53-defective hepatocytes, ROS induction of, 1739
PECAM-1 shedding and, 362
potassium deprivation-induced, in cerebellar neurons, CaMKIV and, 134
promoted by IRF-3/DRAF1, 501
of prostatic epithelial cells, seminal plasma induction of, 673
pulmonary endothelial cell proliferation and pulmonary hypertension from, 427
radiation-induced, nuclear sphingomyelinase and, 123
resveratrol-induced, mitochondrial signals in, 1613
in sepsis, 879
stress-induced, of Niemann-Pick cells, 297
of T cells, GH and, 1861
Apoptosis-inducing factor: extramitochondrially targeted, cell death induction by, 758
AP-1. See Activator protein 1
Aquaporin-4
deficiency of, in skeletal muscle and brain, 90
in modified skeletal muscle use, 1282
Arabinofuranosylcytosine: sphingomyelinase stimulated by, in oxidative stress-induced Lyn, 1583
Ara-C. See Arabinofuranosylcytosine
Arachidonic acid
in angiotensin II activation of akt/protein kinase B, 1909
release of, phospholipase A2 in, ceramide binding of, 7
VEGF formation and, 5-lipoxygenase regulation of in mesothelial cell survival, 2326
Arachidonoylglycerol: synthesis of, platelet-activating factor receptor activation and, 2171
Arginase: coronary arteriolar dilation and, 1264
Aspirin
angiotensin II and, 1822
lipoxin A triggered by, in regulation of neutrophil NAB1 transcriptional repressor, 2736
NF-B signaling pathway induced by, in colon cancer cell apoptosis, 1273
Aspirin-binding protein: ATPase inhibition by, in fibroblasts, 2463
Asthma
airway smooth muscle cells in, sphingosine 1-phosphate and, 1212
calcium sensors as therapeutic targets in, 1831
Fc
RI on neutrophils in, 940
Astrocyte precursor cells: in fetal retina, optic nerve coloboma and, 2013
Astrocytes
hypoxic/ischemic injury of, endothelin system in, 618, 1227
MnSOD-deficient, adaptation to oxidative stress, 525
neocortical, NMDA receptors in, 1270
Astrocytoma cells: MCP-1 transcription in, IFN- regulation of, 383
Ataxia-telangiectasia gene product: DNA turnover modification by, mechanisms of, 1132
Atherogenesis: and adenovirus-mediated IL-10 gene transfer, 2730
Atherosclerosis
cholesterol and, mechanics of, 1619
development of, adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein and, in hypercholesterolemia, 2733
diet-induced, p27 protection against, 1989
plaque invasion by leukocytes in, endothelial selectins in, 1149
prevention by absence of adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein, 1774
retinoic acid receptor signaling in, 1221
senescent endothelial cells in, thymosin ß-10 and VPF/VEGF expression and, 458
Atherosclerotic lesions: DNA alterations in, 752
Atherothrombosis: oxidized LDL and HDL in, 2073
ATM protein kinase: cellular redox activity modification by, 1132
ATP. See Adenosine triphosphate
ATPase: inhibition by salicylate-binding protein, in fibroblasts, 2463
ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCA1: in macrophage secretion of apolipoprotein E, in Tangier disease, 1555
Autoimmune neuroprotection: CD86 accumulation and, 1065
Autoimmunity
B cell receptor signaling and, 2085
catalytic anti-idiotypic antibody and, 815
conditional, mediated by RI autoantibodies, 2268
Autophagy: mitochondrial, permeability transition initiation of, in hepatocytes, 2286
B7–2
on phagocytic microglia, nondestructive immunity and, 1086
spinal cord autoimmune neuroprotection and, 1065
B cell receptors: signaling by, in lupus, 2085
Basal ganglia: compensation outside, in Parkinson’s disease, 1092
Bcl-2 expression
endothelial cell oxidative stress and, 731
methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity and, 1745
Benzodiazepine-like peptide: from s1-casein, 1780
Bet v 1 birch pollen allergen: genetic engineering of, 2045
Beta site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme: proprotein convertase cleavage of, 1810
Bile flow: liver vasopressin receptor distribution and, 1484
Biliary epithelial cells: Fas-dependent apoptosis of, CD40 in, 2345
Birch pollen Bet v 1: genetic engineering of, 2045
Bladder cancer: intravesical oncolytic viral therapy for, 1306
Blockbuster drugs: from federally sponsored research, 1671
Blood flow: need for, NADH as sensor of, 1419
Blood pressure regulation: adipose angiotensinogen and, 2727
Blood vessel maturation: in three-dimensional spheroidal coculture model, 447
Blood-brain barrier: monocyte migration across, ROS in, 1852
Body weight: dietary calcium and, 291
Bone cells: P2Y1 receptors in, in ADP osteolysis, 1139
Bone tissue: disuse-suppressed anabolic activity of, mechanical signals and, 2225
Bradykinin: and VEGF secretion in airway smooth muscle cells, 2480
Bradykinin/B1 receptor: angiogenesis triggered by, nitric oxide and FGF-2 in, 1487
Brain
aquaporin-4 deficiency in, 90
circadian genes in, hypoxia and, 2613
histamine in, in alcohol-preferring rat, 1074
in immunity, 1575
innate immune response in, complement system in, 1410
mitochondria of, cytochrome c release from, Ca2+ thresholds in, 565
neurons of, L-type channel stimulation by FGF-2 receptor in, 970
serum amyloid A in, response to inflammatory mediators, 2241
Breast cancer: multidrug resistance in, ceramide glycosylation and, 719
Breast cancer cells
extracellular matrix protein 1 in, 988
five-lipoxygenase pathway in, 2007
proliferation of, weightlessness and cytoskeletal architecture effects on, 1104
N-t-Butyl hydroxylamine: in reversal of age-related mitochondrial changes, 2196
C5a antibodies: protective effects in sepsis, 568
C-tail: neurotoxin diversification by, 1201
Cachexia: cytokines and, 1169
Cadherin: in Wnt regulation of limb mesenchymal chondrogenesis, 1436
Caenorhabditis elegans: longevity and heavy metal resistance in, 627
Calcium
cardiac handling of, ß1-adrenergic receptor overexpression and, 2718
intracellular, in inhibition of lipolysis in adipocytes, 2527
magnesium interactions with, in pancreatic acinar cells, 659
in Trp1 enhancement of salivary gland fluid secretion, 1652
Calcium channels
L-type
in congenital heart block, 1539
inositol hexakisphosphate enhancement of, adenylyl cyclase in, 1753
P/Q-type voltage-dependent, absence of, dystonia and cerebellar atrophy in, 1288
Calcium entry
endothelial, MLCK regulation of, 282
store-operated, Trp1 and, 1727
Calcium intake: body weight and, 291
Calcium sensors: as therapeutic targets for asthma, 1831
Calcium signal: protein kinase-dependent, IL-4 production and, 1577
Calcium thresholds: in cytochrome c release from brain mitochondria, 565
Calcium waves: liver vasopressin receptor distribution and, 1484
Calcium-activated ion channels: keratinocyte biology and, 145
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type IV: in inhibition of potassium deprivation-induced apoptosis, in cerebellar neurons, 134
Calcium-sensitive peripheral channels: in nuclear pores, 1895
Caloric restriction
mitochondrial oxidative stress and, 1589
retinal ganglion cell degeneration and, after ischemia/reperfusion, 1285
Calpain inhibitor: in reduction of NF-B activation and organ injury/dysfunction in hemorrhagic shock, 171
Calsenilin/DREAM/KchIP3: pro-apoptotic function of, 589
CaMKIV. See Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type IV
Cancer: environmental risk factors for, misconceptions in, 195
Cancer cells
apoptosis of, vitamin E succinate and, 403
invasion by, Akt/protein kinase B promotion of, 1953
Canine adenovirus vectors: targeting of neurons by, 2283
Cardiac. See also Heart entries
Cardiac hypertrophy: RhoA signaling in, 785
Cardiac muscle: thyroid hormone isoform developmental expression in, 1367
Cardiomyocytes
apoptosis and necrosis of, in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion, B-crystallin and, 393
dystrophin-deficient, mechanical stress-induced contractile injury in, 1655
hypertrophic growth of, UBF and, 2051
proliferation in early postnatal life, ß-adrenergic receptors in, 1921
ventricular, angiotensin II signaling in, 2291
Cardiomyopathy: in NIDDM, 312
Cardioprotection: RhoA in, 1886
Carnitine: lens transparency protection by, 1604
s1-Casein: benzodiazepine-like peptide from, 1780
-Casozepine: from s1-casein, 1780
Caspase
apoptosis-inducing factor and, in cell death, 758
T cell receptor-induced activation of, Fyn and, 1777
Catalytic anti-idiotypic antibody: autoimmunity and, 815
Catecholamines: antiproliferative action of, in neuroblastoma cells, 1607
Cathepsin D: in oxidative stress-induced apoptosis, 1592
Cation channels: PECAM-1 activation of, in endothelial cells, 1257
CC5 gene: lipopolysaccharide-induced transcription of, in monocytes, 577
CD23: soluble, released by elastase, inflammatory effects of, 2027
CD31: cation channel activation by, in endothelial cells, 1257
CD31 shedding: apoptosis and, 362
CD36: induction by all-trans retinoic acid, 1221
CD38: in human lamina propria T cells, 580
CD40: in Fas-dependent apoptosis of biliary epithelial cells, 2345
CD47: T cell arrest and, on inflammatory endothelium, 341
CD86
accumulation of, in spinal cord autoimmune neuroprotection, 1065
on phagocytic microglia, nondestructive immunity and, 1086
cdc2 kinase: recruitment by DNA topoisomerase II, chromatin remodeling and, 2288
Celecoxib: NF-B activation by, 1622
Cell cycle
COX-2 expression dependent on, in fibroblasts, 288
prosaponin in S phase of, apoptosis prevention by, 467
stem cell regulation by, during human development, 1628
Cell death. See also Apoptosis
dendritic cell-induced, of papillomavirus-transformed keratinocytes, 2521
oxidant-induced, purines and, 99
Cell differentiation: KGF and, 898
Cell migration: p27 inhibition of, 1877
Cell proliferation: KGF and, 898
Cellular redox
ATM protein kinase modification of, 1132
colon cancer cell proliferation and, 2131
Central nervous system
post-traumatic functional retention in, glutathione synthesis and, 243
Toll-like receptor 4 in, 155
Ceramide
acid sphingomyelinase induction by, oxidized LDL-induced apoptosis and, 807
glycosylation of, multidrug resistance and, 719
in inhibition of NF-B activation, 2401
phospholipase A2 CaLB domain binding by, 7
production of, effect of HPR regulation of prosaposin on, 1475
Cerebellar atrophy: in absence of P/Q-type voltage-dependent calcium channels, 1288
Cerebellar neurons: potassium deprivation-induced apoptosis in, CaMKIV and, 134
Cerebellum: kainic acid-induced mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation enzyme dysfunction in, melatonin and GSH ethyl ester protection from, 1786
Cerebral cortex: IGF-I and glucose transporter in, estrogen and, 907
Cerebral immune response: bacterial activation of, Toll-like receptor 4 in, 155
Cerivastatin: angiogenic effects of, endothelial nitric oxide synthase in, 2530
Cervical carcinoma
cellular apoptosis in, induced by E7-binding aptamers, 592
radiation resistance of, HPV16 E6 and E7 proteins and, 1445
c-Fos: cytoplasmic, in phospholipid synthesis activation, 556
Chagas heart disease: sera recognition by Trypanosoma cruzi ribosomal P protein in, 2602
Chemokine: in acute pancreatitis, 893
Chemotherapy: multidrug resistance in, ceramide glycosylation and, 719
Chloride channel: activation in cystic fibrosis T lymphocytes, 927
Chloroquine: channel function inhibited by, 1658
Cholesterol
atherosclerosis and, mechanics of, 1619
plasma level of, GH reduction of, in LDL receptor deficiency, 1350
in synaptic plasticity and neuronal degeneration, 1858
Cholesterol-lowering drugs: from federally sponsored research, 1671
Choline deficiency: fetal neuronal apoptosis in, 1704
Cholinergic dysfunction: by amyloid precursor protein, 1816
Chondrogenesis: limb mesenchymal, Wnt regulation of, cadherin and, 1436
Choroidal neovascularization: plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 and, 1021
Chromatin fiber compaction: DNA methylation-dependent, linker histone in, 2631
Chromatin remodeling: and cdc2 kinase recruitment by DNA topoisomerase II, 2288
Chromosome regulation: IAP and, 2721
Chymase: in TGF-ß secretion and activation by mast cells, 1377
Circadian genes: in brain, hypoxia and, 2613
Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin: lipid bilayer membrane interaction with, chloroquine-inhibited channel function in, 1658
c-Myc
in methionine adenosyltransferase 2A gene expression in hepatocellular carcinoma, 1507
retro-inverso peptide inhibitor of, in intact cells, 31
Coenzyme Q10: in recovery from oxidative DNA damage, 1425
Collagen
disruption of, in tumor cell invasion, 932
in radiation-induced intestinal fibrosis, heparan mimetic regulation of collagen and TGF-ß1 in, 1546
Collagenase-3: on fetal skin fibroblasts, TGF-ß induction of via p38, 1098
Coloboma: optic nerve, and astrocyte precursor cells in fetal retina, 2013
Colon cancer cells
apoptosis of, aspirin-induced NF-B signaling pathway in, 1273
discoidin domain receptor 1 novel splice variants in, 1321
proliferation of, cellular redox imbalance and, 2131
Colonic epithelial cells: scattering and invasion by trefoil peptides, 351
Colony-stimulating factors: in vascular smooth muscle delay of neutrophil apoptosis, 1813
Complement system: in innate brain immune response, 1410
Congenital heart block: L-type calcium channel down-regulation in, 1539
Congestive heart failure: relaxin and, 2187
Connective tissue: mechanical signaling through, in acupuncture, 2275
Connexin 43 hemi channels: NAD+ transport across, 10
Connexins: lymphocyte function and, 768
Contractile injury: of dystrophin-deficient cardiomyocytes, 1655
Contractile response
cardiac, in endotoxemia, troponin I phosphorylation and, 294
pharmacological studies of, 515
of skeletal muscle, peroxide modulation of, 309
Convertases: ß-secretase cleavage by, 1810
Copolymers: tri-block, neuroprotection by, 1107
Copper plus homocysteine: apoptosis induction by, [gamma-]glutamyl transpeptidase activity and, 1927
Coronary artery: dilation of, arginase and, 1264
Coronary artery disease: lipoproteins and, 2073
Corticosteroids: in regulation of TNF--induced eotaxin release from airway smooth muscle cells, 261
Corticotropin-releasing hormone
and receptors for, cutaneous, 1678
in skin, 2297
Corticotropin-releasing hormone receptors: alternative splicing of, in human and mouse skin, 2754
COX. See Cyclooxygenase entries
CREB. See Cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein
CRH. See Corticotropin-releasing hormone
B-Crystallin
of lens, carnitine protection of, 1604
in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion, 393
B-Crystallin knockout cells: hyperproliferation and genomic instability of, 221
Cyclic ADP-ribose: early hemopoietic progenitors and, 1610
Cyclic AMP: increased level of in murine AIDS, 1466
Cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein: HIV-1 Tat protein down-modulation of, 483
Cyclic GMP-specific phosphodiesterase: heart failure and, 1718
Cyclin D1: as target in thyroid hormone-induced hepatocyte proliferation, 1006
Cyclooxygenase(s)
in cellular invasion by trefoil peptides and src, 1517
endothelial cell proliferation dependent on, VEGF in, 1667
Cyclooxygenase-2
cell cycle-dependent expression of, in fibroblasts, 288
fatty acid modulation of, 2556
in regenerating liver, 2016
in vascular smooth muscle delay of neutrophil apoptosis, 1813
Cyclooxygenase inhibitors: COX-independent actions of, 2057
Cyclosporine A
peroxynitrite formation and, in vascular endothelial cells, 1291
TGF-ß antagonism by, in lung fibroblasts, 797
CYP2E1: in alcoholic liver disease, 1335
Cyst formation: CD86 protection against, 1065
Cysteine-Zn2+ complexes: as molecular switches for nitric oxide, 2503
Cystic fibrosis: T lymphocytes in, chloride channel activation in, 927
Cytochrome c
apoptosis-inducing factor and, in cell death, 758
release from brain mitochondria, Ca2+ thresholds in, 565
Cytokine(s)
in acute pancreatitis, 893
in alveolar macrophages, cigarette smoking and, 1110
disease mediated by, brain-immunity interactions in, 1575
expression in lymphocytes, connexins and, 768
myogenic differentiation inhibition by, NF-B in, 1169
production of
amyloid precursor protein and amyloid-ß peptide effects on, 1463
sulfamethoxazole hydroxylamine metabolite inhibition of, 1855
Cytoskeletal architecture: breast cancer cell proliferation and, weightlessness effects on, 1104
Cytoskeletal gene expression: in leukemic T lymphocytes, in spaceflight, 1783
Cytoskeletal reorganization: disintegrin-neutrophil interaction and, 1643
Darwinism: electronic, 1117
DctD: ATPase in, novel dimer for two-component signaling in, 1326
ß-Defensin 4: salt-sensitive spectrum of antimicrobial activity of, 1819
Dementia: HIV-1-associated, Tat protein down-modulation of CREB in, 483
Dendritic cells
adenosine receptor expression and function in, 1963
disabled, 1054
papillomavirus-transformed keratinocyte death induced by, 2521
Deoxythioguanosine triphosphate: HIV replication and, 1902
Dexamethasone: neuronal 5-lipoxygenase expression regulated by, glucocorticoid receptors in, 1792
Dexfenfluramine: as mitogen signal, cell growth and, 1324
Diabetes, experimental
glomerulopathy in galectin-3 deficiency, 2471
retinal ganglion cell degeneration and, after ischemia/reperfusion, 1285
Diabetes mellitus
myocardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury in, HMG-CoA reductase inhibition as protection against, 1454
nephropathy in, small leucine-rich proteoglycans in, 559
neuropathy in, MAP kinases in, 2508
obesity in, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 and, 1840
O-GlcNAc metabolism in, 1865
type 2
IRS defects in, 2099
as lipotoxic disease, 312
Diabetogenesis: prevention by NF-B decoy, 1616
Diacylglycerol acyl chains: in activating protein kinase C isoforms, 2595
Dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine: T cell receptor signaling inhibited by, in lipid rafts, 1601
Discoidin domain receptor 1
leukocyte migration and, 2724
novel splice variants of, in colon cancer cells, 1321
Disintegrin: pathways activated by, in neutrophils, 1643
DNA alterations
in atherosclerotic lesions, 752
hypoxia-induced, in pulmonary artery endothelial cells, 1267
DNA chip analysis: during glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis, 693
DNA cross-linking drugs
cell sensitivity to, in Werner syndrome, 1224
Werner syndrome cell sensitivity to, 1224
DNA damage
by doxorubicin-induced glutathione S-transferase Pi, 2702
hypoxia-induced, at high altitude and sea level, 1181
oxidative, coenzyme Q10 in recovery from, 1425
DNA fragmentation: radiolabel-induced, p53-dependent ROS production and, 1562
DNA methylation: chromatin fiber compaction dependent on, linker histone in, 2631
DNA replication: site-directed inhibition of, 2660
DNA topoisomerase II: cdc2 kinase recruitment by, chromatin remodeling and, 2288
DNA turnover: modification by ataxia-telangiectasia gene product, 1132
Dopamine: antiproliferative action of, in neuroblastoma cells, 1607
Dopamine transporter: -synuclein interaction with, in apoptosis, 913
Dopaminergic neurons: in Parkinson’s disease, Prosaptide D5 and, 1080
Double-stranded RNA-activated factor: apoptosis promoted by, 501
Doxorubicin: nuclear glutathione S-transferase Pi DNA intercalation and scavenging induced by, 2702
Doxycycline-regulated adenoviral vectors: p27 overexpression by, and inhibition of cell migration and angiogenesis, 1877
DPPE. See Dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine
DRAF1. See Double-stranded RNA-activated factor
Drug delivery
growth factor fusion proteins for, 1300
vascular immunotargeting in, 416
Dystonia: in absence of P/Q-type voltage-dependent calcium channels, 1288
Dystrophin: deficiency in cardiomyocytes, mechanical stress-induced contractile injury of, 1655
E7-binding aptamers: cervical carcinoma cell apoptosis induced by, 592
Ectodomain shedding: PMA-induced, ROS in, 303
Editorial note: electronic Darwinism, 1117
EGF-like growth factor: heparin-binding. See Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor
EGR-1: in endothelial cells, induction by VEGF and TNF-, 230
Elastase: soluble CD23 released by, inflammatory effects of, 2027
Elderly persons: exercise and skeletal muscle TNF- in, 475
Electronic Darwinism, 1117
Electrotransfection: of hematopoietic stem cells, 586
Embryonic stem cells
hematopoietic, electrotransfection of, 586
as targets for gene therapy, 1628
tumor-induced angiogenesis in, 995
Endocannabinoids
generation by platelet-activating factor receptors, 2171
spasticity controlled by, 300
Endocytosis: of senescent cells, amphiphysin 1 in, 1625
Endoplasmic reticulum
albinism as retention disease of, 2149
c-Fos and, in phospholipid synthesis activation, 556
Endostatin: antiangiogenesis signals by, 1044
Endothelial cells
angiogenesis in, fibrocyte induction of, 2215
aortic, TNF--activated NF-B in, -lipoic acid inhibition of, 2423
apoptosis in ischemic liver, platelet-leukocyte synergism in, 1230
arginase in, vasodilation and, 1264
coculture spheroids of smooth muscle cells and, 447
cyclooxygenase-dependent proliferation of, VEGF in, 1667
EGR-1 and tissue factor in, induction by VEGF and TNF-, 230
integrin-dependent neutrophil adhesion to, peroxynitrite in, 25
monocyte binding by, isoprostane 8-iso-PGF2 in, 1254
NADPH oxidase expression in, estrogen inhibition of, 2121
oxidative stress in
Bcl-2 expression and, 731
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and, 1771
PECAM-1 activation of cation channels in, 1257
proliferation of, VEGF receptor inhibition and chronic hypoxia in, 427
of pulmonary artery, hypoxia-induced nuclear DNA modifications in, 1267
survival of, and VEGF induction in perivascular cells, 1239
umbilical venous, hypochlorite-modified HDL receptors on, 1095
vascular
extracellular ATP formation on, 251
ICAM-1 in, in preeclampsia, 279
VEGF-induced, manganese-superoxide dismutase in, 2548
Endothelial growth factor: vascular. See Vascular endothelial growth factor entries
Endothelial microvalves: lymphatic, 1711
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase: in angiogenic effects of statins, 2530
Endothelial selectins: in plaque invasion by leukocytes, 1149
Endothelial-deprived hyperpolarizing factor: MLCK regulation of, 282
Endothelin(s)
generation of, in neutrophil-endothelial cell adhesion, 2230
in hypoxia-induced astrocyte morphology, 1227
Endothelin 1, in protecting astrocytes from hypoxic/ischemic injury, 618
Endothelium
drug delivery to, vascular immunotargeting in, 416
inflammatory, T cell arrest on, CD47 and, 341
intracellular drug delivery to, 416
nitric oxide synthase in, NOSIP regulation of, 79
Endotoxemia: heart in, troponin I phosphorylation and, 294
Endotoxin
effect on VEGF production in mononuclear cells, 1315
hypertriglyceridemia induced by, nitric oxide and lipoprotein lipase in, 1828
Energy homeostasis: and apoplipoprotein D interaction with leptin receptors, 1329
Energy metabolism: hypoxia and, 2642
Enterocolitis: neonatal necrotizing, colonization of premature intestine and, 1398
Entorhinal cortex lesion: hippocampal pacemaker channels activated by hyperpolarization after, 2689
Environmental cancer risks; misconceptions of, 195
Eotaxin: TNF--induced release from airway smooth muscle cells, corticosteroid and ß2-agonist regulation of, 261
Epidermal growth factor receptor: internalization and ubiquitination of, H2O2 and, 306
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate: anti-IFN- action of, STAT1 inhibition and, 1309
Epithelial cells
of airway, glutathione peroxidase in, 70
biliary, Fas-dependent apoptosis of, CD40 in, 2345
intestinal, apical iron uptake by, HFE inhibition of, 1276
prostatic, apoptosis of, seminal plasma induction of, 673
Epithelial sodium channel: Nedd4 protein suppression of, 204
Eps15: ubiquitination of, H2O2 and, 306
ER60/ERp57: in MHC class I assembly, 1448
ERK. See Extracellular signal-regulated kinase
Erythroblasts; in normal mouse, expression profiling in, 1442
Erythropoietin: and receptors for, in peripheral nervous system after injury, 1804
17ß-Estradiol: NADPH oxidase inhibition by, in endothelial cells, 2121
Estrogen: in augmenting of IGF-I and glucose transporter, in cerebral cortex, 907
Exercise
exhaustive, at high altitude and sea level, 1181
skeletal muscle TNF- and, in frail elderly persons, 475
Extracellular matrix protein 1: in angiogenesis and breast cancer cells, 988
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase(s)
activation by prosaponin in S phase of cell cycle, 467
portal hypertensive gastric mucosa activation of, in alcohol injury, 574
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase-2: nuclear translocation of, disintegrin-neutrophil interaction and, 1643
Eye muscle: nitric oxide and, 1764
Fat cells. See Adipocytes
Fatty acid oxidation: muscle uncoupling protein-3 overexpression and, 2033
Fatty acid-binding protein
in adipocytes, atherosclerosis development and, in hypercholesterolemia, 2733
missing from adipocytes, atherosclerosis formation and, 1774
Fatty acids
accumulation in mitochondria, uncoupling protein-3 in protection against, 2497
COX-2 modulation by, 2556
free, oxidation of, in GLUT4-overexpressing skeletal muscle, 958
FcRI
autoantibodies to, conditional autoimmunity mediated by, 2268
on neutrophils, in asthma, 940
Federally sponsored research: blockbuster drugs from, 1671
Fertilization: Ca2+ response during, NAADP+ initiation of, 2257
Fetus
growth restriction in, heme oxygenase expression in, 1158
mitochondria-dependent hepatocyte apoptosis by TGF-ß in, ROS and, 741
neuronal apoptosis in, choline deficiency and, 1704
retina of, astrocyte precursor cells in, optic nerve coloboma and, 2013
skin fibroblasts of, collagenase-3 expression on, TGF-ß induction of via p38, 1098
FGF-2. See Fibroblast growth factor-2
Fibrillar aggregate formation: in macrophages, and amyloid ß internalization via FPRL1, 2454
Fibroblast(s)
ATPase inhibition by salicylate-binding protein in, 2463
COX-2 expression in, cell cycle dependence of, 288
pulmonary, TGF-ß antagonism by IFN- and cyclosporine A in, 797
Fibroblast growth factor-2
angiogenesis induced by, platelet factor 4 inhibition of, 550
in angiogenesis triggered by bradykinin/B1 receptor, 1487
heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan mediation of, 1422
Fibroblast growth factor-2 receptor: in brain neurons and retinal pigment epithelial cells, L-type channel stimulation by, 970
Fibrocytes: angiogenesis induction by, 2215
Flurbiprofen
inflammation and, 2
NF-B and AP-1 inhibition by, 595
Focal adhesion kinase
activation of, disintegrin-neutrophil interaction and, 1643
PDGF receptor linkage to, EDG-1 in, 2649
FPRL1: amyloid ß internalization via, macrophage fibrillar aggregate formation and, 2454
Furin: ADAM10 processing by, 1837
Fyn: in caspase activation induced by T cell receptors, 1777
G protein-coupled receptors: conformation of, agonist efficacy and, 598
GABA. See Gamma-aminobutyric acid
ß-Galactosidase: delivery to endothelium, vascular immunotargeting in, 416
Galectin-3 deficiency: diabetic glomerulopathy in, 2471
Gamma-aminobutyric acid: pituitary, source and function of, 1089
Ganglion cells: retinal, degeneration of, risk factors for, 1285
Ganglioside GD3: NF-B inactivation by, apoptosis and, 1068
Gap junction: intercellular communication in, lymphocyte function and, 768
Gastric mucosa: alcohol-injured in portal hypertension, MAP kinase activation in, 574
Gelatinases: neutrophil-endothelial cell adhesion regulation by, 2230
Gene therapy
cutaneous, for leptin deficiency, 1529
HIF-1 in, 2715
for restenosis in absence of apolipoprotein E, 2162
in utero, circulating stem cells as targets for, 1628
vascular, recombinant Sendai virus-mediated, 1294
Genetic determination: of serum IGFBP levels, 978
Genetic engineering: skeletal muscle in, 684
Genome resource utilization: during prokaryotic development, 2054
GH. See Growth hormone
Glaucoma: retinal ganglion cell degeneration and, after ischemia/reperfusion, 1285
Glaucoma gene myocilin: in optic nerve head, 1251
Glomerulopathy: diabetic, in galectin-3 deficiency, 2471
Glucocorticoid(s)
in alveolar macrophages, cigarette smoking and, 1110
apoptosis induced by, DNA chip analysis during, 693
leptin regulation by, in brown adipocytes, 1357
myostatin regulation by, after thermal injury, 1807
T cell suppression induced by, GH and, 1861
Glucocorticoid receptors
in dexamethasone regulation of neuronal 5-lipoxygenase expression, 1792
in skin development and function, 2030
Glucose deprivation: cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum gene expression in, 2515
Glucose transporter
in cerebral cortex, estrogen and, 907
GLUT4
low IRS-1 and, 1101
metabolic adaptations in skeletal muscle overexpressing, 958
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase: deficiency of, oxidant stress and, in endothelial cells, 1771
Glutamate: release in osteoblasts, 1586
[gamma-]Glutamyl transpeptidase: and apoptosis induction by homocysteine plus copper, 1927
Glutathione
functional retention and, after spinal cord trauma, 243
in hepatocellular carcinoma and liver regeneration, 19
Glutathione peroxidase
in asthmatic lungs, 70
inactivation by nitric oxide, heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor induction and, in aortic smooth muscle cells, 1472
Glutathione S-transferase Pi, doxorubicin-induced DNA intercalation and scavenging by, 2702
Glycan-dependent signaling: O-GlcNAc in, 1865
Glycation: myosin structural and functional response to, 2415
Glycogen synthesis: in GLUT4-overexpressing skeletal muscle, 958
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins: invisible, 545
GPCR. See G protein-coupled receptors
Granulocytes: extravasation of, VAP-1 and, 373, 1115
Grass pollen allergen: nonanaphylactic synthetic peptides in vaccination against, 2042
Green tea: anti-IFN- action of, STAT1 inhibition and, 1309
Growth factor fusion proteins: for drug delivery, 1300
Growth hormone
glucocorticoid-induced T cell suppression and, 1861
plasma cholesterol reduction by, in LDL receptor deficiency, 1350
Growth restriction: fetal, heme oxygenase expression in, 1158
GSH ethyl ester: in protection of cerebellar mitochondria from kainic acid-induced phosphorylation enzyme dysfunction, 1786
Gut: neuronal NOS regulation of inducible NOS in, NF-B in, 439
Hair
growth of
noggin-induced, 2205
stress and substance P inhibition of, 2536
pigmentation of, SCF/c-kit signaling and, 645
HDL. See High density lipoprotein
Heart. See also Cardiac entries
aging, oxidative stress in, lipoic acid reversal of, 700
calcium handling and junctin expression in, ß1-adrenergic receptor overexpression and, 2718
Chagas disease of, sera recognition by Trypanosoma cruzi ribosomal P protein, 2602
endotoxemic, troponin I phosphorylation in, 294
sarcolemmal and mitochondrial KATP channels in, in metabolic inhibition and recovery, 2586
sarcoplasmic reticulum gene expression in, in oxygen and glucose deprivation, 2515
uncoupling protein in
in aortic regurgitation, 1206
PPAR regulation of, 833
Heart block: congenital, L-type calcium channel in, 1539
Heart failure
congestive, relaxin and, 2187
phosphodiesterase regulation and, 1718
Heartbeat: sodium-calcium exchanger inactivation and, 1209
Heat: hsc70 protein nuclear accumulation induced by, phosphorylation and, in confluent cells, 1478
Heat shock paradox: NF-B and cell fate, 270
Heat shock transcription factors: in regulation of heat shock response, 1118
Heavy metal resistance: in Caenorhabditis elegans, longevity and, 627
Hematopoietic stem cells: electrotransfection of, 586
Heme oxygenase: in placenta, in preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction, 1158
Hemopoietic progenitors: early, cADP-ribose and, 1610
Hemorrhagic shock
HDL reduction of organ injury in, 1941
NF-B activation and organ injury/dysfunction in, calpain inhibitor I and, 171
Heparan mimetic RG-1503: in regulation of collagen and TGF-ß1 in radiation-induced intestinal fibrosis, 1546
Heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan: FGF-2 activity mediated by, 1422
Heparanase: angiogenesis mediated by, 1661
Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor: induction by nitric oxide, in aortic smooth muscle cells, 1472
Hepatectomy: partial, liver regeneration after, COX-2 in, 2016
Hepatic gene expression: proteolysis-inducing factor regulation of, NF-B and STAT3 in, 562
Hepatic matrix remodeling genes: in lethal type 1 and 2 cytokine-mediated inflammatory reactions, 2545
Hepatocarcinogenesis: in absence of p53, liver c-myc overexpression and, 1404
Hepatocellular carcinoma
glutathione level in, 19
methionine adenosyltransferase 2A gene expression in, c-Myb and Sp1 in, 1507
Hepatocyte growth factor: histone acetylation induction by, in target promoter, liver regeneration and, 1248
Hepatocytes
fetal, mitochondria-dependent apoptosis by TGF-ß in, ROS and, 741
mitochondrial autophagy in, permeability transition initiation of, 2286
p53-defective, ROS-induced apoptosis of, 1739
thyroid hormone-induced proliferation of, cyclin D1 as target in, 1006
vector-modified, liver repopulation by, 1849
Herpes simplex virus: intravesical oncolytic, for bladder cancer, 1306
HFE: intestinal epithelial cell iron uptake inhibited by, 1276
HGF. See Hepatocyte growth factor
HIF-1. See Hypoxia-inducible factor 1
High density lipoprotein
atherothrombosis and, 2073
hypochlorite-modified, scavenger receptors and, 1095
in reduction of organ injury in hemorrhagic shock, 1941
Hippocampus
hyperpolarization-activated pacemaker channels in, after entorhinal cortex lesion, 2689
neuroprotection in, by VEGF receptors, 1218
Histamine: in brain of alcohol-preferring rat, 1074
Histone(s)
HGF acetylation induction by, in target promoter, liver regeneration and, 1248
H1 linker
in DNA methylation-dependent chromatin fiber compaction, 2631
origin of, 34
Histone deacetylase-2 expression: in alveolar macrophages, cigarette smoking and, 1110
HIV. See Human immunodeficiency virus infection type 1
HMG-CoA reductase: inhibition of, as protection of diabetic myocardium from ischemia-reperfusion injury, 1454
HMGI(Y) protein: insulin receptor gene promoter regulation by, 492
Homocysteine plus copper: apoptosis induction by, [gamma-]glutamyl transpeptidase activity and, 1927
HPR. See N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)retinamide
HPV16 E6 and E7 proteins. See Human papilloma virus type 16 E6 and E7 proteins
Hsc70s: heat-induced nuclear accumulation of, phosphorylation and, in confluent cells, 1478
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1
antitrypsin 1 inhibition of, 115
dating origin of, 276
humoral response diversity in, 2112
IL-4 production and, 1795
lymphocyte apoptosis induction by, p53 and mitochondria in, 5
replication of, deoxythioguanosine triphosphate inhibition of, 190
Tat protein in, down-modulation of CREB by, 483
Human umbilical endothelial cells: NF-B and ICAM-1 activation in, in preeclampsia, 279
Humoral immune response: in HIV-positive individuals, 2112
Huntingtin mutant: aberrant A2A receptor signaling by, 1245
Hyaluronan: in airway mucosal host defense, 2179
Hybridoma cell apoptosis: T cell receptor-induced caspase activation and, Fyn in, 1777
Hydrogen peroxide
in inhibition of EGF receptor internalization and ubiquitination, 306
in inhibition of Eps15 ubiquitination, 306
6-Hydroxydopamine: parkinsonism induced by, melatonin protection against, 164
N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)retinamide: prosaposin regulation by, effect on ceramide production and integrin receptors, 1475
Hypercholesterolemia
adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein and atherosclerosis development in, 2733
atherosclerosis from
p27 protection against, 1989
prevention by absence of adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein, 1774
Hyperpolarization: hippocampal pacemaker channels activated by, after entorhinal cortex lesion, 2689
Hypertension. See also Portal hypertension
genetic
PTHrP effects on renal vascular smooth muscle cells in, 707
PTHrP vascular trophic action in, 707
Rho-kinase in, 1062
Hypertriglyceridemia
apolipoprotein E and, 1598
endotoxin-induced, nitric oxide and lipoprotein lipase in, 1828
Hypochlorite: HDL modified by, scavenger receptors and, 1095
Hypoxia
astrocyte morphology from, endothelin system in, 1227
chronic, endothelial cell proliferation and pulmonary hypertension from, 427
and circadian genes in brain, 2613
DNA modification by, in pulmonary artery endothelial cells, 1267
DNA strand breaks and oxidative damage in, 1181
hepatic tissue oxygenation and energy metabolism and, 2642
instantaneous HIF-1 induction in, 1312
in MnSOD-deficient astrocyte adaptation to oxidative stress, 525
pulmonary vasoconstriction from, in absence of voltage-gated potassium channel, 1801
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1
activation of, gene therapy and, 2715
instantaneous induction of, in hypoxia, 1312
in normoxic tissue and organ-specific regulation in systemic hypoxia, 2445
tumor-induced angiogenesis and, 995
Hypoxic/ischemic injury: of astrocytes, endothelin 1 in protection against, 618
IAP. See Inhibitor of apoptosis protein
IFN-. See Interferon entries
IGF. See Insulin-like growth factor entries
Immune cells: arachidonoylglycerol synthesis in, platelet-activating factor receptor activation and, 2171
Immune function
brain in, 1575
cerebral innate, Toll-like receptor 4 in, 155
humoral, in HIV-positive individuals, 2112
innate in brain, complement system in, 1410
leptin and, 2565
nutrients and, 2555, 2565
vitamin D in, 2579
Immunization: L-type calcium channel and, in congenital heart block, 1539
Immunoglobulin(s): expression in lymphocytes, connexins and, 768
Immunoglobulin E: high-affinity receptor for, on neutrophils, in asthma, 940
Immunoglobulin E mimotopes: fusion proteins of, for allergy therapy, 2524
Imprinting: transcription cycles and, 1694
Infertility: male, elevated testicular stress-associated acetylcholinesterase as predictor of, 2039
Inflammation
in airway, sphingosine 1-phosphate and, 1212
endothelial, T cell arrest on, CD47 and, 341
flurbiprofen and, 2, 595
serum amyloid A response to, in brain, 2241
and soluble CD23 released by elastase, 2027
Inflammatory injury: in liver, nitric oxide in protection against, 583
Inflammatory reactions, lethal type 1 and 2 cytokine-mediated, hepatic gene expression in, 2545
Influenza virus
infection from, selenium deficiency and, 1481
mutation of, nutritional selenium status and, 1846
Inhibitor of apoptosis protein: in regulation of chromosome segregation and mitotic exit, 2721
Injury
inflammatory, in liver, nitric oxide in protection against, 583
peripheral nervous system after, erythropoietin and erythropoietin receptors in, 1804
thermal, glucocorticoid regulation of myostatin after, 1807
Inositol hexakisphosphate: L-type Ca2+ channels enhanced by, adenylyl cyclase in, 1753
Inositol trisphosphate: Ca2+ response and, during starfish oocyte fertilization, 2257
Insulin
leptin regulation by, in brown adipocytes, 1357
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activation induced by, sphingomyelinase and, 1113
Insulin receptor gene promoter: regulation by HMGI(Y), 492
Insulin receptor substrate(s), defects of, in metabolic disorders, 2099
Insulin receptor substrate-1
genetic polymorphism in, islet apoptosis and, 22
insulin resistance and, 1101
Insulin receptor substrate-2: genetic expression in adipocytes, PARP and, 215
Insulin receptor-like protein: longevity and, in Caenorhabditis elegans, 627
Insulin resistance: low IRS-1 and, 1101
Insulin-like growth factor I: in cerebral cortex, estrogen and, 907
Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein(s): serum levels of, genetic determinants of, 978
Integrin(s)
neutrophil adhesion to endothelial cells dependent on, peroxynitrite in, 25
osteoblast adhesion mediated by, disorganization in spaceflight, 2036
Integrin receptors: effect of HPR regulation of prosaposin on, 1475
Integrin-associated protein: T cell arrest and, on inflammatory endothelium, 341
3 Integrin-tetraspanin complex: in response to angiotensin II, 1457
a5ß1 Integrin: angiogenic laminin peptide binding to, 1389
avß3 Integrin: angiogenic laminin peptide binding to, 1389
ß1 Integrin: RhoA signaling and, in cardiac hypertrophy, 785
Integrin-linked kinase: in proteinuria, 1843
Intercellular adhesion molecule 1: in vascular endothelial cells, in preeclampsia, 279
Interferon
effect on VEGF production in mononuclear cells, 1315
hepatic signaling by, TNF- inhibition of, 1595
Interferon
in nucleoside transport in macrophages, 1979
PPAR activation by, macrophage oxidative burst and, 535
in regulation of MCP-1 transcription, in astrocytoma cells, 383
TGF-ß antagonism by, in lung fibroblasts, 797
Interferon regulatory factor 1, apoptosis promoted by, 501
Interferon-inducible protein 10, in myocardial infarction, angiogenesis and, 1428
Interleukin 1
in acute pancreatitis, 893
myogenic differentiation inhibition by, NF-B in, 1169
Interleukin 1ß, serum amyloid A reduction by, in brain, 2241
Interleukin 2, natural killer cells treated with, nuclear phospholipase Cß in, 1789
Interleukin 4
disabled dendritic cells and, 1054
production of
HIV-1 infection and, 1795
protein kinase-dependent Ca2+ signal and, 1577
Interleukin 6 receptor, soluble, release in disease, 43
Interleukin 10 gene transfer, adenovirus-mediated, atherogenesis and, 2730
Interleukin 12, substance P receptor induction by, in schistosomiasis, 950
Interleukin 13 antagonist, in immune and nonimmune cells, 1469
Interleukin 18, blockade of, suppression of experimental myasthenia by, 2140
Intestinal epithelial cells: apical iron uptake by, HFE inhibition of, 1276
Intestinal fibrosis: radiation-induced, heparan mimetic regulation of collagen and TGF-ß1 in, 1546
Intestine: premature, colonization of, neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis and, 1398
Intravesical oncolytic viral therapy: for bladder cancer, 1306
Inverse agonism: GPCR conformation and, 598
Ion channels
amyloid ß protein formation of, 2433
Ca2+-activated, keratinocyte biology and, 145
IRF1. See Interferon regulatory factor 1
Iron uptake: by intestinal epithelial cells, HFE inhibition of, 1276
IRS. See Insulin receptor substrate entries
Ischemia-reperfusion
in diabetic myocardium, HMG-CoA reductase inhibition as protection against, 1454
myocardial, annexin 1 peptides in protection against, action mechanism of, 2247
neutrophil-mediated renal failure in, platelet P-selectin in, 2337
retinal ganglion cell degeneration after, risk factors for, 1285
Ischemic liver: endothelial cell apoptosis in, platelet-leukocyte synergism in, 1230
Islet(s): apoptosis of, IRS-1 genetic polymorphism and, 22
8-Iso-PGF2: in endothelial cell binding to monocytes, 1254
Isoprostane 8-iso-PGF2: in endothelial cell binding to monocytes, 1254
Jak-Stat signaling: sulfamethoxazole hydroxylamine metabolite interference in, 1855
Janus molecule: protective role of, vitamin E and, 2314
Junctin: cardiac expression of, ß1-adrenergic receptor overexpression and, 2718
Kainic acid: cerebellar mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation enzyme dysfunction induced by, melatonin and GSH ethyl ester protection from, 1786
Kallikrein: hyaluronan and, in airway host defense, 2179
Kappa chain: aberrant, catalytic anti-idiotypic antibody with, autoimmunity and, 815
Keratinocyte(s)
biology of, ion channels and, 145
epidermal, UV light regulation of genes in, 2533
in gene therapy for leptin deficiency, 1529
papillomavirus-transformed, dendritic cell-induced death of, 2521
stress and substance P-induced apoptosis of, 2536
in wound reepithelialization, 2377
Keratinocyte growth factor: hyperproliferation induction and differentiation delay by, 898
KGF. See Keratinocyte growth factor
Kidney(s). See also Nephropathy; Renal entries
mesangial cells in, nitric oxide-induced MIP-2 transcription in, 571
vascular smooth muscle cells of, PTHrP effects on, in genetic hypertension, 707
Kidney cells: scattering and invasion by trefoil peptides, 351
Kininogen: leukocyte adhesion inhibition by, 2365
L-type channel: FGF-2 receptor stimulation of, in brain neurons and retinal pigment epithelial cells, 970
ß-Lactamase-like activity: catalytic anti-idiotypic antibody with, autoimmunity and, 815
Lactoperoxidase: hyaluronan and, in airway host defense, 2179
Lamellipodia formation: EDG-1 in, 2649
Lamina propria T lymphocytes: CD38 in, 580
Laminin peptide: angiogenic, binding to vß3 and 5ß1 integrins, 1389
Latrophilin-like receptor: from parasitic nematode, as target for PF1022A, 1332
LDL. See Low density lipoprotein
Lens: transparency of, carnitine protection of, 1604
Leptin
in brown adipocytes, insulin and glucocorticoid regulation of, 1357
deficiency of, skin gene therapy for, 1529
immune response and, 2565
lipolysis induced by, effect on tonic inhibition of adenosine in white adipocytes, 333
resistance to, and lipid abnormalities of aging, 108
Leptin receptors: apoplipoprotein D interaction with, energy homeostasis and, 1329
Leucine-rich proteoglycans: small, in diabetic nephropathy, 559
Leukemia cells
cell cycle-arrested, DNA chip analysis in, 693
cytoskeletal gene expression, in spaceflight, 1783
Leukocyte(s)
adhesion of, kininogen inhibition of, 2365
migration of, discoidin domain receptor 1 isoform a and, 2724
plaque invasion by, endothelial selectins and, 1149
platelet synergism with, in endothelial cell apoptosis, in ischemic liver, 1230
Liddle’s syndrome: epithelial Na+ channel in, Nedd4 protein and, 204
Ligand-selective agonism: GPCR conformation and, 598
Limb: mesenchymal chondrogenesis in, Wnt regulation of, cadherin and, 1436
Lipid: adipocyte metabolism of, dietary calcium and, 291
Lipid abnormalities: of aging, leptin resistance in, 108
Lipid bilayers
acidic pH-induced annexin VI folding and, 1083
Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin interaction with, chloroquine-inhibited channel function in, 1658
Lipid peroxides: in preeclampsia, NF-B activation and ICAM-1 in, 279
Lipid rafts: T cell receptor signaling in, DPPE inhibition of, 1601
Lipitor: development of, 1671
Lipoic acid
inhibition of TNF--activated NF-B by, in aortic endothelial cells, 2423
reversal of myocardial oxidative stress by, 700
Lipolysis
in adipocytes, intracellular calcium inhibition of, 2527
leptin-induced, effect on tonic inhibition of adenosine in white adipocytes, 333
Lipopolysaccharide
PPAR activation by, macrophage oxidative burst and, 535
RANTES/CCL transcription induced by, in monocytes, 577
responsiveness to, Toll-like receptor 4 and, 2556
Lipoprotein. See High density lipoprotein; Low density lipoprotein
Lipoprotein lipase, in endotoxin-induced hypertriglyceridemia, 1828
Lipotoxic diseases: obesity and, 312
Lipoxin A: aspirin-triggered, in regulation of neutrophil NAB1 transcriptional repressor, 2736
5-Lipoxygenase
malignant mesothelial cell survival and, VEGF in, 2326
neuronal, dexamethasone regulation of, glucocorticoid receptors in, 1792
Lipoxygenase inhibitors: in breast cancer cell apoptosis, 2007
Liver
alcoholic injury of, pathogenesis of, 1335
c-myc overexpression in, hepatocarcinogenesis and, in absence of p53, 1404
IFN- signaling in, TNF- inhibition of, 1595
inflammatory injury in, nitric oxide in protection against, 583
ischemic, endothelial cell apoptosis in, platelet-leukocyte synergism in, 1230
mRNA profile in, in starvation, 1261
NF-B in, ethanol-potentiated hepatitis protein activation of, 2551
regenerating
COX-2 in, 2016
glutathione level in, 19
histone induction of HGF acetylation in, 1248
repopulation of, by vector-modified hepatocytes, 1849
tissue oxygenation in, hypoxia and, 2642
vasopressin receptors in, in control of calcium waves and bile flow, 1484
Longevity: heavy metal resistance and, in Caenorhabditis elegans, 627
Low density lipoprotein: oxidized
apoptosis induced by, ceramide-induced acid sphingomyelinase and, 807
atherothrombosis and, 2073
induction by trans-plasma membrane reductase, 1580
Low density lipoprotein receptors: deficiency of, GH reduction of plasma cholesterol in, 1350
Lung(s)
alveolus of, surfactant protein A beyond, 59
asthmatic, glutathione peroxidase in, 70
fibroblasts of, TGF-ß antagonism by IFN- and cyclosporine A in, 797
injury of, n-acetylcysteine as protector from, 1181
Lupus: B cell receptor signaling and, 2085
Lymphangiogenesis: vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 gene in, 1028
Lymphatics: endothelial microvalves in, 1711
Lymphocyte(s)
HIV-induced apoptosis of, p53 and mitochondria in, 5
immunoglobulin and cytokine expression in, connexins and, 768
oxidative DNA damage of, coenzyme Q10 in recovery from, 1425
Lymphopoiesis: zinc deficiency-induced, apoptosis in, 2572
Lyn: oxidative stress-induced, Ara-C stimulation of sphingomyelinase in, 1583
Mac-1: leukocyte adhesion to, kininogen inhibition of, 2365
Macrophage(s)
alveolar, cigarette smoking effects on, 1110
apolipoprotein E secretion from, ABCA1 and, in Tangier disease, 1555
fibrillar aggregate formation in, and amyloid ß internalization via FPRL1, 2454
LDL oxidation mediated by, induction by trans-plasma membrane reductase, 1580
nucleoside transport in, M-CSF and IFN- regulation of, 1979
oxidative burst of, PPAR activation by lipopolysaccharide and IFN- in, 535
peritoneal activated, protein tyrosine nitration in, 2355
Macrophage colony-stimulating factor: in nucleoside transport in macrophages, 1979
Macular degeneration: plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 and, 1021
Magnesium: calcium interactions with, in pancreatic acinar cells, 659
Major histocompatibility complex class I: assembly of, ER60/ERp57 isoforms in, 1448
Malnutrition: immunodeficiency of, 2565
Manganese superoxide dismutase
astrocytes deficient in, adaptation to oxidative stress, 525
genetic transcription of, PDGF and, 2025
VEGF-induced, in endothelial cells, 2548
MAP kinase. See Mitogen-activated protein kinase
Mast cells: TGF-ß secretion and activation by, chymase and, 1377
Matrix metalloproteinase(s)
membrane-type, smooth muscle cell function and, 2010
neutrophil-endothelial cell adhesion regulation by, 2230
Matrix metalloproteinase-9: in myasthenia gravis, altered peptide ligand and, 187
Matrix metalloproteinase-13: on fetal skin fibroblasts, TGF-ß induction of via p38, 1098
MCP-1. See Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1
M-CSF. See Macrophage colony-stimulating factor
Meiosis-activating sterols: production of, progestins and, 775
Melanocyte: in hair follicle, SCF/c-kit signaling and, 645
Melatonin
in protection against 6-OHDA-induced parkinsonism, 164
in protection of cerebellar mitochondria from kainic acid-induced phosphorylation enzyme dysfunction, 1786
Memory impairment: by amyloid precursor protein, 1816
Meridians: in acupuncture, connective tissue signaling and, 2275
Mesangial cells: renal, nitric oxide-induced MIP-2 transcription in, 571
Mesothelial cell survival: malignant, 5-lipoxygenase regulation of, VEGF in, 2326
Metabolic disorders: IRS defects in, 2099
Metal: release from metallothionein, nitric oxide-mediated, 1303
Metalloproteinase
in Akt/protein kinase B promotion of cancer cell invasion, 1953
in tumor cell invasion, 932
Metallothionein
in acute pancreatitis, 893
nitric oxide-mediated metal release from, 1303
Methamphetamine: neurotoxicity of, Bcl-2 genes and, 1745
Methionine: abnormal metabolism of, in alcoholic liver disease, 1335
Methionine adenosyltransferase 2A gene: in hepatocellular carcinoma, c-Myb and Sp1 in, 1507
N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptors: in neocortical astrocytes, 1270
MHC class I. See Major histocompatibility complex class I
Microglia: superoxide production by, p47phox in, 285
Microglial cells: nuclear protein turnover in, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and, 1460
Microvalves: lymphatic endothelial, 1711
MIP-2 transcription: in renal mesangial cells, nitric oxide induction of, 571
Mitochondria
age-related changes in, N-t-butyl hydroxylamine reversal of, 2196
in alcoholic liver disease, 1335
as amyloid ß-mediated neurotoxicity, 1439
apoptosis dependent on, in fetal hepatocytes, TGF-ß and ROS in, 741
biogenesis and functioning of, p53 and, 635
in brain, cytochrome c release from, Ca2+ thresholds in, 565
cardiac, potassium channels in, in metabolic inhibition and recovery, 2586
cerebellar, kainic acid-induced phosphorylation enzyme dysfunction in, melatonin and GSH ethyl ester protection from, 1786
DNA deletions in, in sarcopenia, 322
fatty acid accumulation in, uncoupling protein-3 in protection against, 2497
in hepatocytes, permeability transition initiation of autophagy in, 2286
in HIV-induced lymphocyte apoptosis, 5
membrane potential of, muscle uncoupling protein-3 overexpression and, 2033
oxidative stress in, caloric restriction and, 1589
signaling by, in resveratrol-induced apoptosis, 1613
sphingomyelin pool of, hydrolysis of, apoptosis and, 2669
Mitogen signal: dexfenfluramine as, cell growth and, 1324
Mitogen-activated protein kinase
angiotensin II induction of, in ventricular cardiomyocytes, 2291
in diabetic neuropathy, 2508
phosphorylation dependent on, in IL-2-treated natural killer cells, 1789
portal hypertensive gastric mucosa activation of, in alcohol injury, 574
tea polyphenol inhibition of, 2022
Mitotic exit: IAP and, 2721
MLCK. See Myosin light-chain kinase
MnSOD. See Manganese superoxide dismutase
Model of gene expression: neural network as, 846
Monocyte(s)
endothelial cell binding to, isoprostane 8-iso-PGF2 in, 1254
lipopolysaccharide-induced RANTES/CCL transcription in, 577
migration across blood-brain barrier, ROS in, 1852
VEGF production in, endotoxin and IFN- effects on, 1315
Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1: transcription in astrocytoma cells, IFN- regulation of, 383
mRNA expression patterns: in Werner syndrome, telomerase resetting of, 1014
Multidrug resistance: ceramide glycosylation and, 719
Multiple sclerosis: spasticity in, endocannabinoid control of, 300
Muscle: uncoupling protein-3 overexpression in, effects on mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP/ADP ratio, and fatty acid oxidation, 2033
Muscle fibers: distinct types of, uncoupling protein-3 expression in, 1071
Muscular dystrophy: aquaporin-4 deficiency in, in skeletal muscle and brain, 90
Myasthenia gravis
experimental, suppression by IL-18 blockade, 2140
T cell functions in, altered peptide ligand inhibition of, 187
Myelopoiesis: zinc deficiency-induced, apoptosis in, 2572
Myoblast differentiation: TNF- in, 1413
Myocardial infarction: IFN-inducible protein 10 in, angiogenesis and, 1428
Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion
B-crystallin in, 393
annexin 1 peptide in protection against, action mechanism of, 2247
in diabetes, HMG-CoA reductase inhibition as protection against, 1454
Myocilin gene: in optic nerve head, 1251
Myofibrils
organization of, sodium-calcium exchanger inactivation and, 1209
of skeletal muscle, calcium sensitivity of, redox modulation and, 309
Myogenic differentiation: inhibition by inflammatory cytokines, NF-B in, 1169
Myoglobulin: oxygen diffusion and, 1077
Myoprotection: cardiac sarcolemmal and mitochondrial KATP channels in, in metabolic inhibition and recovery, 2586
Myosin
degradation in spaceflight, ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in, 1279
structure and function of, in response to glycation, 2415
Myosin light-chain kinase: in regulation of endothelium Ca2+ and vasodilation, 282
Myostatin: glucocorticoid regulation of, after thermal injury, 1807
NAADP+: Ca2+ response initiated by, during starfish oocyte fertilization, 2257
NAB1 transcriptional repressor: in neutrophils, aspirin-triggered lipoxin A regulation of, 2736
N-Acetylglucosamine: O-linked, signaling and, 1865
NAD+: transport across connexin 43 hemi channels, 10
NAD(P)H: as directly operating antioxidant, 1569
NADH: as sensor of blood flow need, 1419
NADPH oxidase: estrogen inhibition of, in endothelial cells, 2121
Natural killer cells: IL-2-treated, nuclear phospholipase Cß in, 1789
Necrotizing enterocolitis: neonatal, colonization of premature intestine and, 1398
Nedd4 protein: epithelial Na+ channel suppression by, 204
Neocortical astrocytes: NMDA receptors in, 1270
Neonate: necrotizing enterocolitis in, colonization of premature intestine and, 1398
Neovascularization: choroidal, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 and, 1021
Nephropathy. See also Kidney(s); Renal entries
diabetic, small leucine-rich proteoglycans in, 559
Neural network: as model of gene expression, 846
Neural retinal development: VEGF receptors and, 1215
Neuroblastoma cells: catecholamine antiproliferative action in, 1607
Neurodegeneration: cholesterol and, 1858
Neuronal death: in Alzheimer’s disease, ubiquitin mutant in, 2680
Neurons
in brain, L-type channel stimulation by FGF-2 receptor in, 970
canine adenovirus vectoral targeting of, 2283
dopaminergic, in Parkinson’s disease, Prosaptide D5 and, 1080
fetal, apoptosis of, choline deficiency and, 1704
Neuropathy: diabetic, MAP kinases in, 2508
Neuropeptide Y: genetic mutation of, and altered intracellular processing and release of, 1242
Neuroprotection
hippocampal, VEGF receptors in, 1218
by Poloxamer 188, 1107
Neurotoxins
amyloid ß as. See Amyloid ß
diversification by C-tail wiggling, 1201
methamphetamine as, Bcl-2 genes and, 1745
Neutrophil(s)
apoptosis of, vascular smooth muscle delay of, 1813
disintegrin-activated pathways in, 1643
FcRI on, in asthma, 940
integrin-dependent adhesion to endothelial cells, peroxynitrite in, 25
NAB1 transcriptional repressor in, aspirin-triggered lipoxin A regulation of, 2736
postischemic renal failure mediated by, platelet P-selectin in, 2337
Neutrophil-endothelial cell adhesion, matrix metalloproteinase regulation of, 2230
NF-B. See Nuclear factor B
NIDDM. See Diabetes mellitus, type 2
Niemann-Pick cells: stress-induced apoptosis of, 297
Nitration: protein tyrosine, in activated peritoneal macrophages, 2355
Nitric oxide
in amyloid ß-induced brain dysfunction, 1407, 1463
in angiogenesis triggered by bradykinin/B1 receptor, 1487
in endotoxin-induced hypertriglyceridemia, 1828
eye muscles and, 1764
heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor induction by, in aortic smooth muscle cells, 1472
metal release from metallothionein mediated by, 1303
MIP-2 transcription induced by, in renal mesangial cells, 571
molecular switches for, cysteine-Zn2+ complexes as, 2503
production in endothelial cells, MLCK regulation of, 282
in protection against liver inflammatory injury, 583
Nitric oxide synthase
endothelial
in angiogenic effects of statins, 2530
NOSIP regulation of, 79
neuronal
activation by somatostatin receptor, 2300
regulation of inducible NOS in gut, NF-B in, 439
Nitrophenol: amyloid ß aggregation and neurotoxicity inhibition by, 1297
NMDA receptors. See N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptors
Noggin: as hair growth inducer, 2205
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): COX-independent actions of, 2057
Norepinephrine
antiproliferative action of, in neuroblastoma cells, 1607
sensory neuron sensitivity to, varicella-zoster virus and, 1037
NOS. See Nitric oxide synthase
NOSIP: endothelial nitric oxide synthase regulation by, 79
Nuclear factor-B
activation of
by aspirin, in colon cancer cell apoptosis, 1273
by celecoxib, 1622
ceramide inhibition of, 2401
in hemorrhagic shock, calpain inhibitor I and, 171
in preeclampsia, 279
by TNF-, -lipoic acid inhibition of, in aortic endothelial cells, 2423
cell fate and, in heat shock, 270
hepatic, ethanol-potentiated hepatitis protein activation of, 2551
inhibition of
by aspirin, in protection from angiotensin II-induced organ damage, 1822
by flurbiprofen, 2, 595
by ganglioside GD3, apoptosis and, 1068
in inhibition of myogenic differentiation by inflammatory cytokines, 1169
in neuronal NOS regulation of inducible NOS in gut, 439
in proteolysis-inducing factor regulation of hepatic gene expression, 562
Nuclear factor-B decoy: in prevention of diabetogenesis, 1616
Nuclear pores: peripheral channels in, 1895
Nuclear protein turnover: in microglial cells, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and, 1460
Nucleophosmin/anaplastic lymphoma kinase: immortalization by, 1416
Nucleoside transport: in macrophages, M-CSF and IFN- regulation of, 1979
Nutrition
immune function and, 2555, 2565
selenium status in, influenza virus mutation and, 1846
Obesity
adipostatic hormones in, 1996
as lipotoxic disease, 312
plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 and, 1840
Octanol: ethanol teratogenesis antagonism by, 1649
O-GlcNAc: signaling and, 1865
Oleate oxidation: in GLUT4-overexpressing skeletal muscle, 958
Optic nerve coloboma: and astrocyte precursor cells in fetal retina, 2013
Optic nerve head: glaucoma gene myocilin in, 1251
Organ injury, in hemorrhagic shock
calpain inhibitor I and, 171
HDL reduction of, 1941
Osteoblasts
glutamate release in, 1586
integrin-mediated adhesion of, disorganization in spaceflight, 2036
Osteolysis: by ADP, bone cell P2Y1 receptor in, 1139
Osteopenia: disuse, inhibition by mechanical signals, 2225
Osteoporosis: prevention and treatment of, 1677
Oxidation
DNA damage from, coenzyme Q10 in recovery from, 1425
phosphorylation by, kainic acid-induced in cerebellar mitochondria, effects of melatonin and GSH ethyl ester on, 1786
Oxidation: of cellular protein-tyrosine phosphatases by air exposure, 1637
Oxidative burst: in macrophages, PPAR activation by lipopolysaccharide and IFN- in, 535
Oxidative stress
adaptation of MnSOD knockout astrocytes to, 525
apoptosis induced by, cathepsin D and, 1592
in endothelial cells, Bcl-2 expression and, 731
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and, in endothelial cells, 1771
lens transparency and, carnitine protection of, 1604
Lyn activation induced by, Ara-C stimulation of sphingomyelinase in, 1583
mitochondrial, caloric restriction and, 1589
myocardial, lipoic acid reversal of, 700
Oxygen. See also Reactive oxygen species
deprivation of, cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum gene expression in, 2515
diffusion of, myoglobulin and, 1077
K+ transport depende
