Supplemental Data

Files in this Data Supplement:

• Supplemental Video 1 - (ShimizuSupplementaryVideo1.mov; 2.93 MB) Synchronization of overlaid myocardial tissue grafts. Macroscopic beating of the construct bioengineered using polysurgery is shown. The first graft is composed of three overlaid GFP-positive cardiomyocyte sheets and the second comprises three non-GFP sheets. The second graft was partially laid over the first at an interval of 1-day. Under normal light, only a single beating is observed. Next, under fluorescent light, the first graft is detectable. Finally, under both fluorescent and normal lights, the two grafts are separately visible and complete pulsatile synchronization is confirmed.
• Supplemental Video 2 - (ShimizuSupplementaryVideo2.mov; 2.76 MB) Functionally beating full-thickness myocardium bioengineered by integrating cell sheets. Spontaneous pulsation of the construct bioengineered by 10-times polysurgery using triple-layer grafts is externally visible in the macroscopic view. Next, echography shows the beating of this tissue, approximately 1mm thick. The graft beating after opening of the transplantation site is also shown.
• Supplemental Video 3 - (ShimizuSupplementaryVideo3.mov; 2.52 MB) Functionally beating full-thickness myocardium after resection. The construct bioengineered by 10-times polysurgery repeat sequences continues to pulsate in culture media even after surgical resection.
• Supplemental Video 4 - (ShimizuSupplementaryVideo4.mov; 2.59 MB) Harvested multi-layered myocardial tissue graft accompanied by a surgically connectable artery and vein. First, integrated cardiomyocyte sheets over a superficial caudal epigastric artery and vein are shown beating synchronously. Black ink infusion from the femoral artery after tissue resection demonstrates rapid perfusion into small vessels and diffuse staining of the grafts. Finally, the graft transplanted from the femoral position to the neck recovers its pulsation immediately after tissue vessel anastomoses to the host.