The FASEB Journal, Vol 9, 611-618, Copyright © 1995 by The Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology

RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS

Interactions of the nervous and immune systems in development, normal brain homeostasis, and disease

JE Merrill and GM Jonakait
Department of Neurology, University of California at Los Angeles, School of Medicine 90024, USA.

Neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, neurotrophins, and neuroendocrine hormones have traditionally been assigned functions in normal development and homeostasis of neuronal networks; cytokines and adhesion molecules have been assigned functions within the peripheral immune system. Molecular dissection of the presence and function of these receptors and ligands during development of the immune and nervous systems, in normal healthy adult central and peripheral nervous tissue, and in the pathological response of immune elements in the brain and neuroelements in the immune system has forced us to alter these long-held concepts. Examples of how glia and neurons function in relationship to these paracrine and autocrine stimuli in health and disease are provided in this short review.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				X. Qi, T. Hosoi, Y. Okuma, M. Kaneko, and Y. Nomura Sodium 4-Phenylbutyrate Protects against Cerebral Ischemic Injury Mol. Pharmacol., October 1, 2004; 66(4): 899 - 908. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. B. Sass, D. T. Haselow, and E. K. Silbergeld Methylmercury-Induced Decrement in Neuronal Migration May Involve Cytokine-Dependent Mechanisms: A Novel Method to Assess Neuronal Movement in Vitro Toxicol. Sci., September 1, 2001; 63(1): 74 - 81. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. M. Filipov and D. A. Lawrence Developmental Toxicity of a Triazole Fungicide: Consideration of Interorgan Communication Toxicol. Sci., August 1, 2001; 62(2): 185 - 186. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Qian, G. Yehia, C. A. Molina, A. Fernandes, R. J. Donnelly, D. J. Anjaria, P. Gascon, and P. Rameshwar Cloning of Human Preprotachykinin-I Promoter and the Role of Cyclic Adenosine 5'-Monophosphate Response Elements in Its Expression by IL-1 and Stem Cell Factor J. Immunol., February 15, 2001; 166(4): 2553 - 2561. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Singh, D. D. Joshi, M. Hameed, J. Qian, P. Gascon, P. B. Maloof, A. Mosenthal, and P. Rameshwar Increased expression of preprotachykinin-I and neurokinin receptors in human breast cancer cells: Implications for bone marrow metastasis PNAS, January 4, 2000; 97(1): 388 - 393. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Penkowa, J. Carrasco, M. Giralt, T. Moos, and J. Hidalgo CNS Wound Healing Is Severely Depressed in Metallothionein I- and II-Deficient Mice J. Neurosci., April 1, 1999; 19(7): 2535 - 2545. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Xu, C.-H. Yeh, S. Chen, L. He, S. L. Sensi, L. M. T. Canzoniero, D. W. Choi, and C. Y. Hsu Involvement of de Novo Ceramide Biosynthesis in Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha /Cycloheximide-induced Cerebral Endothelial Cell Death J. Biol. Chem., June 26, 1998; 273(26): 16521 - 16526. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. R. Bhat, P. Zhang, J. C. Lee, and E. L. Hogan Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase and p38 Subgroups of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases Regulate Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Gene Expression in Endotoxin-Stimulated Primary Glial Cultures J. Neurosci., March 1, 1998; 18(5): 1633 - 1641. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Bordey and H. Sontheimer Postnatal Development of Ionic Currents in Rat Hippocampal Astrocytes In Situ J Neurophysiol, July 1, 1997; 78(1): 461 - 477. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]