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The FASEB Journal, Vol 9, 576-596, Copyright © 1995 by The Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology

REVIEWS

Protein kinases 6. The eukaryotic protein kinase superfamily: kinase (catalytic) domain structure and classification

SK Hanks and T Hunter
Department of Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA.

The eukaryotic protein kinases make up a large superfamily of homologous proteins. They are related by virtue of their kinase domains (also known as catalytic domains), which consist of approximately 250- 300 amino acid residues. The kinase domains that define this group of enzymes contain 12 conserved subdomains that fold into a common catalytic core structure, as revealed by the 3-dimensional structures of several protein-serine kinases. There are two main subdivisions within the superfamily: the protein-serine/threonine kinases and the protein-tyrosine kinases. A classification scheme can be founded on a kinase domain phylogeny, which reveals families of enzymes that have related substrate specificities and modes of regulation.


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Genetics, August 1, 2006; 173(4): 1909 - 1917.
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Home page
 J. Bacteriol.Home page
Y. Cheng, J.-H. Li, L. Shi, L. Wang, A. Latifi, and C.-C. Zhang
A Pair of Iron-Responsive Genes Encoding Protein Kinases with a Ser/Thr Kinase Domain and a His Kinase Domain Are Regulated by NtcA in the Cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. Strain PCC 7120
J. Bacteriol., July 1, 2006; 188(13): 4822 - 4829.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Virol.Home page
L. H. Florentino, A. A. Santos, M. R. Fontenelle, G. L. Pinheiro, F. M. Zerbini, M. C. Baracat-Pereira, and E. P. B. Fontes
A PERK-Like Receptor Kinase Interacts with the Geminivirus Nuclear Shuttle Protein and Potentiates Viral Infection.
J. Virol., July 1, 2006; 80(13): 6648 - 6656.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
S. Li, G. A. Peters, K. Ding, X. Zhang, J. Qin, and G. C. Sen
Molecular basis for PKR activation by PACT or dsRNA
PNAS, June 27, 2006; 103(26): 10005 - 10010.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Lipid Res.Home page
B. W. Wattenberg, S. M. Pitson, and D. M. Raben
The sphingosine and diacylglycerol kinase superfamily of signaling kinases: localization as a key to signaling function
J. Lipid Res., June 1, 2006; 47(6): 1128 - 1139.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Mol. Cell. Biol.Home page
K. Terasawa, K. Yoshimatsu, S.-i. Iemura, T. Natsume, K. Tanaka, and Y. Minami
Cdc37 interacts with the glycine-rich loop of hsp90 client kinases.
Mol. Cell. Biol., May 1, 2006; 26(9): 3378 - 3389.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Cell Sci.Home page
L. C. Pradel, M. Bonhivers, N. Landrein, and D. R. Robinson
NIMA-related kinase TbNRKC is involved in basal body separation in Trypanosoma brucei
J. Cell Sci., May 1, 2006; 119(9): 1852 - 1863.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
O. Rey, R. Papazyan, R. T. Waldron, S. H. Young, J. Lippincott-Schwartz, R. Jacamo, and E. Rozengurt
The Nuclear Import of Protein Kinase D3 Requires Its Catalytic Activity
J. Biol. Chem., February 24, 2006; 281(8): 5149 - 5157.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Bacteriol.Home page
H. Hussain, P. Branny, and E. Allan
A Eukaryotic-Type Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase Is Required for Biofilm Formation, Genetic Competence, and Acid Resistance in Streptococcus mutans
J. Bacteriol., February 15, 2006; 188(4): 1628 - 1632.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Genes Dev.Home page
M. A. Price
CKI, there's more than one: casein kinase I family members in Wnt and Hedgehog signaling.
Genes & Dev., February 15, 2006; 20(4): 399 - 410.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Plant CellHome page
M. M. Mahfouz, S. Kim, A. J. Delauney, and D. P. S. Verma
Arabidopsis TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN Interacts with RAPTOR, Which Regulates the Activity of S6 Kinase in Response to Osmotic Stress Signals
PLANT CELL, February 1, 2006; 18(2): 477 - 490.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 JCBHome page
S. J. Marciniak, L. Garcia-Bonilla, J. Hu, H. P. Harding, and D. Ron
Activation-dependent substrate recruitment by the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 kinase PERK
J. Cell Biol., January 17, 2006; 172(2): 201 - 209.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Eukaryot CellHome page
R. Kissmehl, T. P. Kruger, T. Treptau, M. Froissard, and H. Plattner
Multigene Family Encoding 3',5'-Cyclic-GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases in Paramecium tetraurelia Cells
Eukaryot. Cell, January 1, 2006; 5(1): 77 - 91.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 DevelopmentHome page
S. Rohr, N. Bit-Avragim, and S. Abdelilah-Seyfried
Heart and soul/PRKCi and nagie oko/Mpp5 regulate myocardial coherence and remodeling during cardiac morphogenesis
Development, January 1, 2006; 133(1): 107 - 115.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Hum Mol GenetHome page
C. Lin, B. Franco, and M. R. Rosner
CDKL5/Stk9 kinase inactivation is associated with neuronal developmental disorders
Hum. Mol. Genet., December 15, 2005; 14(24): 3775 - 3786.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Gen. Virol.Home page
J.-T. Wang, P.-W. Yang, C.-P. Lee, C.-H. Han, C.-H. Tsai, and M.-R. Chen
Detection of Epstein-Barr virus BGLF4 protein kinase in virus replication compartments and virus particles
J. Gen. Virol., December 1, 2005; 86(12): 3215 - 3225.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Cancer Res.Home page
F. Chu, J. M. Koomen, R. Kobayashi, and C. A. O'Brian
Identification of an Inactivating Cysteine Switch in Protein Kinase C{varepsilon}, a Rational Target for the Design of Protein Kinase C{varepsilon}-Inhibitory Cancer Therapeutics
Cancer Res., November 15, 2005; 65(22): 10478 - 10485.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 JGPHome page
J. A. Kozak, M. Matsushita, A. C. Nairn, and M. D. Cahalan
Charge Screening by Internal pH and Polyvalent Cations as a Mechanism for Activation, Inhibition, and Rundown of TRPM7/MIC Channels
J. Gen. Physiol., October 31, 2005; 126(5): 499 - 514.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
D. M. Kenski, C. Zhang, M. von Zastrow, and K. M. Shokat
Chemical Genetic Engineering of G Protein-coupled Receptor Kinase 2
J. Biol. Chem., October 14, 2005; 280(41): 35051 - 35061.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Mol. Biol. CellHome page
J. Zhu, V. Balan, A. Bronisz, K. Balan, H. Sun, D. T. Leicht, Z. Luo, J. Qin, J. Avruch, and G. Tzivion
Identification of Raf-1 S471 as a Novel Phosphorylation Site Critical for Raf-1 and B-Raf Kinase Activities and for MEK Binding
Mol. Biol. Cell, October 1, 2005; 16(10): 4733 - 4744.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
D. W. Kim, G. Lenzen, A.-L. Page, P. Legrain, P. J. Sansonetti, and C. Parsot
The Shigella flexneri effector OspG interferes with innate immune responses by targeting ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes
PNAS, September 27, 2005; 102(39): 14046 - 14051.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
D. Matsuoka and S. Tokutomi
Blue light-regulated molecular switch of Ser/Thr kinase in phototropin
PNAS, September 13, 2005; 102(37): 13337 - 13342.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev.Home page
J. Eichler and M. W. W. Adams
Posttranslational Protein Modification in Archaea
Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., September 1, 2005; 69(3): 393 - 425.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 GeneticsHome page
L. E. Rose, C. H. Langley, A. J. Bernal, and R. W. Michelmore
Natural Variation in the Pto Pathogen Resistance Gene Within Species of Wild Tomato (Lycopersicon). I. Functional Analysis of Pto Alleles
Genetics, September 1, 2005; 171(1): 345 - 357.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
A. K. Padyana, H. Qiu, A. Roll-Mecak, A. G. Hinnebusch, and S. K. Burley
Structural Basis for Autoinhibition and Mutational Activation of Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 2{alpha} Protein Kinase GCN2
J. Biol. Chem., August 12, 2005; 280(32): 29289 - 29299.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
H. Matsuoka, H. Obama, M. L. Kelly, T. Matsui, and M. Nakamoto
Biphasic Functions of the Kinase-defective Ephb6 Receptor in Cell Adhesion and Migration
J. Biol. Chem., August 12, 2005; 280(32): 29355 - 29363.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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