The FASEB Journal, Vol 9, 926-933, Copyright © 1995 by The Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology

REVIEWS

Differentiation of endothelium

W Risau
Max-Planck-Institut fur physiologische und klinische Forschung, W. G. Kerckhoff Institut, Abteilung Molekulare Zellbiologie, Bad Nauheim, Germany.

Vascular endothelial cells cover the entire inner surface of blood vessels in the body. They play an important role in tissue homeostasis, fibrinolysis and coagulation, blood-tissue exchange, vasotonus regulation, the vascularization of normal and neoplastic tissues, and blood cell activation and migration during physiological and pathological processes. It is therefore important to define the basic determinants of the endothelial phenotype and its modulation in response to different signals. Signal recognition, transduction, and processing are likely to be complex events dependent on the status of the target endothelial cell in a given organ or tissue. This status is a consequence of inductive and permissive interactions of a pluripotent cell with soluble and insoluble signaling molecules of the environment during embryonic and postnatal development. This review will focus on the biological mechanisms involved in the differentiation of endothelial cells from the mesoderm and their subsequent functional heterogeneity in different organs and tissues under physiological as well as pathological conditions.

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				C. T. Kuo, M. L. Veselits, K. P. Barton, M. M. Lu, C. Clendenin, and J. M. Leiden The LKLF transcription factor is required for normal tunica media formation and blood vessel stabilization during murine embryogenesis Genes & Dev., November 15, 1997; 11(22): 2996 - 3006. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Carmeliet and D. Collen Molecular analysis of blood vessel formation and disease Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, November 1, 1997; 273(5): H2091 - H2104. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. Van Belle, A. Rivard, D. Chen, M. Silver, S. Bunting, N. Ferrara, J. F. Symes, C. Bauters, and J. M. Isner Hypercholesterolemia Attenuates Angiogenesis but Does Not Preclude Augmentation by Angiogenic Cytokines Circulation, October 21, 1997; 96(8): 2667 - 2674. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				E. L. George, H. S. Baldwin, and R. O. Hynes Fibronectins Are Essential for Heart and Blood Vessel Morphogenesis But Are Dispensable for Initial Specification of Precursor Cells Blood, October 15, 1997; 90(8): 3073 - 3081. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J.C. Giddings, A.P. Banning, H. Ralis, and M.J. Lewis Redistribution of von Willebrand Factor in Porcine Carotid Arteries After Balloon Angioplasty Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, October 1, 1997; 17(10): 1872 - 1878. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				M. Gawaz, F.-J. Neumann, T. Dickfeld, A. Reininger, H. Adelsberger, A. Gebhardt, and A. Schomig Vitronectin Receptor ({alpha}vß3) Mediates Platelet Adhesion to the Luminal Aspect of Endothelial Cells : Implications for Reperfusion in Acute Myocardial Infarction Circulation, September 16, 1997; 96(6): 1809 - 1818. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				P. C. Maisonpierre, C. Suri, P. F. Jones, S. Bartunkova, S. J. Wiegand, C. Radziejewski, D. Compton, J. McClain, T. H. Aldrich, N. Papadopoulos, et al. Angiopoietin-2, a Natural Antagonist for Tie2 That Disrupts in vivo Angiogenesis Science, July 4, 1997; 277(5322): 55 - 60. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				C. Garlanda and E. Dejana Heterogeneity of Endothelial Cells : Specific Markers Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, July 1, 1997; 17(7): 1193 - 1202. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				A. Zakrzewicz, M. Grafe, D. Terbeek, M. Bongrazio, W. Auch-Schwelk, B. Walzog, K. Graf, E. Fleck, K. Ley, and P. Gaehtgens L-Selectin-Dependent Leukocyte Adhesion to Microvascular But Not to Macrovascular Endothelial Cells of the Human Coronary System Blood, May 1, 1997; 89(9): 3228 - 3235. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. M. Schlaeger, S. Bartunkova, J. A. Lawitts, G. Teichmann, W. Risau, U. Deutsch, and T. N. Sato Uniform vascular-endothelial-cell-specific gene expression in both embryonic and adult transgenic mice PNAS, April 1, 1997; 94(7): 3058 - 3063. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Asahara, T. Murohara, A. Sullivan, M. Silver, R. van der Zee, T. Li, B. Witzenbichler, G. Schatteman, and J. M. Isner Isolation of Putative Progenitor Endothelial Cells for Angiogenesis Science, February 14, 1997; 275(5302): 964 - 966. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				E. Allaire and A. W. Clowes Endothelial Cell Injury in Cardiovascular Surgery: The Intimal Hyperplastic Response Ann. Thorac. Surg., February 1, 1997; 63(2): 582 - 591. [Abstract] [Full Text]