| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
The FASEB Journal, Vol 8, 1122-1130, Copyright © 1994 by The Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology
REVIEWS |
CY Lu, TA Khair-el-Din, IA Dawidson, TM Butler, KM Brasky, MA Vazquez and SC Sicher
Department of Internal Medicine, University Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas 75235-8856.
Transplantation of solid organs (heart, lung, liver, and kidney) from swine to humans would solve the current critical shortage of cadaver organs needed by patients with end-stage disease of these organs. In addition, transplantation between distant species (discordant xenografting) will require an understanding of a number of unique immunologic features. Discordant xenografts are rejected within minutes to hours after transplantation. This rejection is due to natural immunity by recipients never before exposed to the xenografts. In some species combinations, this fulminant rejection is due to naturally occurring pre-existing antibodies against the xenograft endothelium. In other species combinations, the xenograft activates the alternative pathway of complement. The swine to human species combination is the most clinically relevant. In this combination, natural human and private antibodies recognize alpha-galactosyl residues of glycoproteins and glycolipids. Potential future therapeutic measures to prevent natural immunity include the genetic engineering of human complement inhibitors into swine cell membranes or genetic "knock out" of the enzymes responsible for placing alpha-galactosyl residues on swine cell surfaces. There are also special considerations in acquired immunity against xenografts. Cytokines and adhesion molecules may not work across species lines. Xenograft antigens may have to be processed by host antigen-presenting cells in order to effectively stimulate the immune system.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  C. Costa, D. F. Barber, and W. L. Fodor Human NK Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity Triggered by CD86 and Gal{alpha}1,3-Gal Is Inhibited in Genetically Modified Porcine Cells J. Immunol., April 15, 2002; 168(8): 3808 - 3816. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Kearns-Jonker, J. Swensson, C. Ghiuzeli, W. Chu, Y. Osame, V. Starnes, and D. V. Cramer The Human Antibody Response to Porcine Xenoantigens Is Encoded by IGHV3-11 and IGHV3-74 IgVH Germline Progenitors J. Immunol., October 15, 1999; 163(8): 4399 - 4412. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. COSTA, L. ZHAO, W. V. BURTON, K. R. BONDIOLI, B. L. WILLIAMS, T. A. HOAGLAND, P. A. DITULLIO, K. M. EBERT, and W. L. FODOR Expression of the human {alpha}1,2-fucosyltransferase in transgenic pigs modifies the cell surface carbohydrate phenotype and confers resistance to human serum-mediated cytolysis FASEB J, October 1, 1999; 13(13): 1762 - 1773. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. L. Murad, E. J. Gosselin, J. W. Eaton, and M. D. Scott Stealth Cells: Prevention of Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II-Mediated T-Cell Activation by Cell Surface Modification Blood, September 15, 1999; 94(6): 2135 - 2141. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. Brenner, M. Hinz, H. Huber, M. Schmoeckel, H. Reichenspurner, B. Meiser, C. Hammer, and B. Reichart The influence of antibody and complement removal with a Ig-Therasorb column in a xenogeneic working heart model Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg., May 1, 1999; 15(5): 672 - 679. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. A. ROSSINI, D. L. GREINER, and J. P. MORDES Induction of Immunologic Tolerance for Transplantation Physiol Rev, January 1, 1999; 79(1): 99 - 141. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. L’Heureux, S. Pâquet, R. Labbé, L. Germain, and F. A. Auger A completely biological tissue-engineered human blood vessel FASEB J, January 1, 1998; 12(1): 47 - 56. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
