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The FASEB Journal, Vol 7, 339-348, Copyright © 1993 by The Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology

REVIEWS

New insights on mammalian phospholipase A2(s); comparison of arachidonoyl-selective and -nonselective enzymes

RJ Mayer and LA Marshall
Medicinal Chemistry, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406.

With the recent discoveries of novel forms of phospholipases A2 (PLA2s),2 new schemes for the roles of various PLA2s in lipid metabolism must be considered. The type II 14-kDa PLA2 isolated from human synovial fluid or platelet has many of the biochemical characteristics of the homologous snake venom and mammalian pancreatic PLA2s. It appears to function both as a cell-associated enzyme and extracellularly, where its expression and/or release is regulated by a variety of mediators such as cytokines or growth factors. The mammalian 85-kDa PLA2 purified from monocytic cells or platelets has no sequence homology to the 14-kDa PLA2 and exhibits biochemically different characteristics. It translocates from cytosol to particulate cell fractions in the presence of submicromolar levels of Ca2+ and has a substrate preference for sn-2-arachidonoyl-containing phospholipids. The cellular function and relative importance of these two enzymes in lipid metabolism remain to be determined. In this review, the biochemistry, localization, function, and regulation of these two distinct mammalian Ca(2+)-dependent PLA2 are compared.


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M. Locati, G. Lamorte, W. Luini, M. Introna, S. Bernasconi, A. Mantovani, and S. Sozzani
Inhibition of Monocyte Chemotaxis to C-C Chemokines by Antisense Oligonucleotide for Cytosolic Phospholipase A(2)
J. Biol. Chem., March 15, 1996; 271(11): 6010 - 6016.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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S. T. Reddy and H. R. Herschman
Transcellular Prostaglandin Production following Mast Cell Activation Is Mediated by Proximal Secretory Phospholipase A(2) and Distal Prostaglandin Synthase 1
J. Biol. Chem., January 5, 1996; 271(1): 186 - 191.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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J. Wijkander, J. T. O'Flaherty, A. B. Nixon, and R. L. Wykle
5-Lipoxygenase Products Modulate the Activity of the 85-kDa Phospholipase A(2) in Human Neutrophils
J. Biol. Chem., November 3, 1995; 270(44): 26543 - 26549.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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D. Vial, M. Seorale-Pose, N. Havet, L. Molio, B. B. Vargaftig, and L. Touqui
Expression of the Type-II Phospholipase A[IMAGE] in Alveolar Macrophages
J. Biol. Chem., July 21, 1995; 270(29): 17327 - 17332.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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P. Ancian, Gér. Lambeau, M.-G.èv. Mattéi, and M. Lazdunski
The Human 180-kDa Receptor for Secretory Phospholipases A[IMAGE]
J. Biol. Chem., April 14, 1995; 270(15): 8963 - 8970.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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Gér. Lambeau, P. Ancian, J.-P. Nicolas, S. H. W. Beiboer, D. Moinier, H. Verheij, and M. Lazdunski
Structural Elements of Secretory Phospholipases A(2) Involved in the Binding to M-type Receptors
J. Biol. Chem., March 10, 1995; 270(10): 5534 - 5540.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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M.-C. Tzeng, C.-H. Yen, M.-J. Hseu, C. M. Dupureur, and M.-D. Tsai
Conversion of Bovine Pancreatic Phospholipase A(2) at a Single Site into a Competitor of Neurotoxic Phospholipases A(2) by Site-directed Mutagenesis
J. Biol. Chem., February 3, 1995; 270(5): 2120 - 2123.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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J. Y. Lee, Y. A. Hannun, and L. M. Obeid
Functional Dichotomy of Protein Kinase C (PKC) in Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-alpha ) Signal Transduction in L929 Cells. TRANSLOCATION AND INACTIVATION OF PKC BY TNF-alpha
J. Biol. Chem., September 15, 2000; 275(38): 29290 - 29298.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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A. K. Roshak, E. A. Capper, C. Stevenson, C. Eichman, and L. A. Marshall
Human Calcium-independent Phospholipase A2 Mediates Lymphocyte Proliferation
J. Biol. Chem., November 10, 2000; 275(46): 35692 - 35698.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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