The FASEB Journal, Vol 7, 996-1003, Copyright © 1993 by The Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology

REVIEWS

Extracellular matrix. 2: Role of extracellular matrix molecules and their receptors in the nervous system

KA Venstrom and LF Reichardt
Department of Physiology, UCSF 94143-0724.

Extracellular matrix molecules help regulate many aspects of neural development, including survival, migration, axon growth, and synapse formation by neurons. These same molecules have been shown to modulate regeneration of neurons after injuries. They also regulate the development and differentiation of other neural cells, such as astroglia and Schwann cells. Significant progress has been made recently in characterizing both ECM constituents and their receptors in the nervous system. Extracellular matrix molecules promote cell adhesion, activate intracellular signaling pathways, and modulate the activities of several growth factors and proteins. Our current understanding of the extracellular matrix, its receptors, and its functions in the nervous system are discussed.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				R. Milner, S. J. Crocker, S. Hung, X. Wang, R. F. Frausto, and G. J. del Zoppo Fibronectin- and Vitronectin-Induced Microglial Activation and Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Expression Is Mediated by Integrins {alpha}5beta1 and {alpha}vbeta5 J. Immunol., June 15, 2007; 178(12): 8158 - 8167. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Buss, K. Pech, B. A. Kakulas, D. Martin, J. Schoenen, J. Noth, and G. A. Brook Growth-modulating molecules are associated with invading Schwann cells and not astrocytes in human traumatic spinal cord injury Brain, April 1, 2007; 130(4): 940 - 953. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. P. Farwell, S. A. Dubord-Tomasetti, A. Z. Pietrzykowski, and J. L. Leonard Dynamic Nongenomic Actions of Thyroid Hormone in the Developing Rat Brain Endocrinology, May 1, 2006; 147(5): 2567 - 2574. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. Mazon Pelaez, S. Vogler, U. Strauss, P. Wernhoff, J. Pahnke, G. Brockmann, H. Moch, H.-J. Thiesen, A. Rolfs, and S. M. Ibrahim Identification of quantitative trait loci controlling cortical motor evoked potentials in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: correlation with incidence, onset and severity of disease Hum. Mol. Genet., July 15, 2005; 14(14): 1977 - 1989. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Z.-L. Chen, J. A. Indyk, and S. Strickland The Hippocampal Laminin Matrix Is Dynamic and Critical for Neuronal Survival Mol. Biol. Cell, July 1, 2003; 14(7): 2665 - 2676. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Milner and I. L. Campbell The Extracellular Matrix and Cytokines Regulate Microglial Integrin Expression and Activation J. Immunol., April 1, 2003; 170(7): 3850 - 3858. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				W. C. Wildering, P. M. Hermann, and A. G. M. Bulloch Rapid Neuromodulatory Actions of Integrin Ligands J. Neurosci., April 1, 2002; 22(7): 2419 - 2426. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. K. Narla, C.-L. Chen, Y. Dong, and F. M. Uckun In Vivo Antitumor Activity of Bis(4,7-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline) Sulfatooxovanadium(IV) {METVAN [VO(SO4)(Me2-Phen)2]} Clin. Cancer Res., July 1, 2001; 7(7): 2124 - 2133. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. P. Farwell and S. A. Dubord-Tomasetti Thyroid Hormone Regulates the Expression of Laminin in the Developing Rat Cerebellum Endocrinology, September 1, 1999; 140(9): 4221 - 4227. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				E. Agius and P. Cochard Comparison of Neurite Outgrowth Induced by Intact and Injured Sciatic Nerves: A Confocal and Functional Analysis J. Neurosci., January 1, 1998; 18(1): 328 - 338. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J.E. Sugiyama, D.J. Glass, G.D. Yancopoulos, and Z.W. Hall Laminin-induced Acetylcholine Receptor Clustering: An Alternative Pathway J. Cell Biol., October 6, 1997; 139(1): 181 - 191. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. A. Banerjee, M. Hadjiargyrou, and P. H. Patterson An Antibody to the Tetraspan Membrane Protein CD9 Promotes Neurite Formation in a Partially alpha 3beta 1 Integrin-Dependent Manner J. Neurosci., April 15, 1997; 17(8): 2756 - 2765. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Schumacher, H. Volkmer, F. Buck, A. Otto, A. Tarnok, S. Roth, and F. G. Rathjen Chicken Acidic Leucine-rich EGF-like Domain Containing Brain Protein (CALEB), a Neural Member of the EGF Family of Differentiation Factors, Is Implicated in Neurite Formation J. Cell Biol., February 24, 1997; 136(4): 895 - 906. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Martin and J. Sanes Integrins mediate adhesion to agrin and modulate agrin signaling Development, January 10, 1997; 124(19): 3909 - 3917. [Abstract] [PDF]

				C. Blancher, B. Omri, L. Bidou, B. Pessac, and P. Crisanti Nectinepsin: A New Extracellular Matrix Protein of the Pexin Family. CHARACTERIZATION OF A NOVEL cDNA ENCODING A PROTEIN WITH AN RGD CELL BINDING MOTIF J. Biol. Chem., October 18, 1996; 271(42): 26220 - 26226. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. Jiang, M Brand, C. Heisenberg, D Beuchle, M Furutani-Seiki, R. Kelsh, R. Warga, M Granato, P Haffter, M Hammerschmidt, et al. Mutations affecting neurogenesis and brain morphology in the zebrafish, Danio rerio Development, January 12, 1996; 123(1): 205 - 216. [Abstract] [PDF]

				M. Zako, T. Shinomura, M. Ujita, K. Ito, and K. Kimata Expression of PG-M(V3), an Alternatively Spliced Form of PG-M without a Chondroitin Sulfate Attachment Region in Mouse and Human Tissues J. Biol. Chem., February 24, 1995; 270(8): 3914 - 3918. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Bradshaw, K. McNagny, D. Gervin, G. Cann, T Graf, and D. Clegg Integrin alpha 2 beta 1 mediates interactions between developing embryonic retinal cells and collagen Development, January 11, 1995; 121(11): 3593 - 3602. [Abstract] [PDF]

				M Yamagata and K Kimata Repression of a malignant cell-substratum adhesion phenotype by inhibiting the production of the anti-adhesive proteoglycan, PG-M/versican J. Cell Sci., January 9, 1994; 107(9): 2581 - 2590. [Abstract] [PDF]