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The FASEB Journal, Vol 6, 853-860, Copyright © 1992 by The Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology
REVIEWS |
RG Stevens, S Davis, DB Thomas, LE Anderson and BW Wilson
Pacific Northwest Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352.
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in women in the industrialized world, and the rates of breast cancer incidence are rising. Although risk is high in industrialized societies, it is low in nonindustrialized areas. The search for the causes of breast cancer has not yet yielded a convincing explanation for the geographic and temporal patterns in the occurrence of breast cancer. Generation of electric power is a hallmark of industrialization, and two products of electric power, light-at-night (LAN) and electromagnetic fields (EMF), may affect breast cancer risk. Exposure to either LAN or EMF can decrease production of melatonin by the pineal gland. Melatonin, in turn, has been shown to suppress mammary tumorigenesis in experimental animals. Moreover, recent epidemiological findings indicate an increased risk of breast cancer in workers occupationally exposed to EMF. On the basis of these considerations, it is proposed that the use of electrical power accounts, in part, for the higher risks of breast cancer in industrialized societies.
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  E. S. O'Leary, E. R. Schoenfeld, R. G. Stevens, G. C. Kabat, K. Henderson, R. Grimson, M. D. Gammon, M. C. Leske, and for the Electromagnetic Fields and Breast Cancer o Shift Work, Light at Night, and Breast Cancer on Long Island, New York Am. J. Epidemiol., August 15, 2006; 164(4): 358 - 366. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. Davis, D. K. Mirick, and R. G. Stevens Night Shift Work, Light at Night, and Risk of Breast Cancer J Natl Cancer Inst, October 17, 2001; 93(20): 1557 - 1562. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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E. S. Schernhammer, F. Laden, F. E. Speizer, W. C. Willett, D. J. Hunter, I. Kawachi, and G. A. Colditz Rotating Night Shifts and Risk of Breast Cancer in Women Participating in the Nurses' Health Study J Natl Cancer Inst, October 17, 2001; 93(20): 1563 - 1568. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. Thun-Battersby, M. Mevissen, and W. Loscher Exposure of Sprague-Dawley Rats to a 50-Hertz, 100-{micro}Tesla Magnetic Field for 27 Weeks Facilitates Mammary Tumorigenesis in the 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]-anthracene Model of Breast Cancer Cancer Res., August 1, 1999; 59(15): 3627 - 3633. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 D. Wartenberg, R. G. Stevens, P. Levallois, D. Gauvin, M. Gochfeld, H. Funk, R. R. Neutra, G. C. Kabat, M. S. Linet, R. E. Tarone, et al. Leukemia and Exposure to Magnetic Fields N. Engl. J. Med., November 13, 1997; 337(20): 1471 - 1474. [Full Text]
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