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Cell sex: a new look at cell fate studies

Angela Maselli^*,, Paola Matarrese^*, Elisabetta Straface^*, Silvia Canu, Flavia Franconi^,,1 and Walter Malorni^*,1,2

^* Department of Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy;

Department of Pharmacology and Center for Biotechnology Development and Biodiversity Research, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy; and

National Laboratory of the National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Osilo, Italy

²Correspondence: Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicines Evaluation, Section of Cell Aging and Degeneration, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy. E-mail: malorni{at}iss.it

Cell death processes have been widely investigated in recent years in order to elucidate the different pathways involved in the complex machinery implicated in determining cell fate. Different forms of cell death have been described: Apart from the classical form of death known as necrosis, a well-characterized traumatic injury of the cell, several additional forms of cell death have been identified. Of these, apoptosis has been characterized in the greatest detail. Defects in the mechanisms of cell demise (that is, an excess of or decrease in apoptosis) have been associated with the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases. Here we review some new aspects derived from recent insights into this field, particularly the hypothesis that cells of males and females could display several different features, including those determining their fate.—Maselli, A., Matarrese, P., Straface, E., Canu, S., Franconi, F., Malorni, W. Cell sex: a new look at cell fate studies.

Key Words: estrogen • oxidative stress • ROS • mitochondria