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Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) plays a critical role in pathogenesis of ultraviolet-B (UVB) -induced nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC)

Jason Martin^*, F. Jason Duncan^*, Tracy Keiser, Samuel Shin^*, Donna F. Kusewitt, Tatiana Oberyszyn, Abhay R. Satoskar^,1,2 and Anne M. VanBuskirk^*,,||,1,3

^* Department of Surgery,

Department of Microbiology,

Department of Veterinary Biosciences,

Department of Pathology, and

^|| Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA

²Correspondence: Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. E-mail: satoskar.2{at}osu.edu

Mounting evidence suggests that macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) may serve as an important link between chronic inflammation and cancer development. The proinflammatory and proangiogenic activities of MIF position it as a potentially important player in the development and progression of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC). To assess the role of MIF in the development and progression of NMSC, we exposed MIF^–/– BALB/c mice to acute and chronic ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation. Our studies demonstrate that MIF^–/– BALB/c mice have a significantly diminished acute inflammatory response to UVB exposure compared to wild-type mice, as measured by myeloperoxidase activity, dermal neutrophil infiltration, and edematous response. Relative to wild-type mice, MIF^–/– mice also show significantly lower vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) concentrations in whole skin and significantly lower 8-oxo-dG adduct concentrations in epidermal DNA following UVB exposure. Furthermore, MIF^–/– mice showed significant increases in p53 activity, epidermal thickness, and epidermal cell proliferation following acute UVB insult. In response to chronic UVB exposure, MIF^–/– mice showed a 45% reduction in tumor incidence, significantly less angiogenesis, and delayed tumor progression when compared to their wild-type counterparts. These data indicate that MIF plays an important role in UVB-induced NMSC development and progression.—Martin, J., Duncan, F. J., Keiser, T., Shin, S., Kusewitt, D. F., Oberyszyn, T., Satoskar, A. R., VanBuskirk, A. M. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) plays a critical role in pathogenesis of ultraviolet-B (UVB) -induced nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC).

Key Words: angiogenesis • tumorigenesis • edema