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Inhibitory regulation of osteoclast bone resorption by signal regulatory protein

Ellen M. van Beek^*, Teun J. de Vries, Lars Mulder, Ton Schoenmaker, Kees A. Hoeben, Takashi Matozaki^||, Geerling E. J. Langenbach^¶, Georg Kraal^#, Vincent Everts and Timo K. van den Berg^*,1

^* Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory and

Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;

Department of Periodontology and Oral Cell Biology and

^¶ Department of Functional Anatomy, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute, Universiteit van Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;

Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands;

^|| Laboratory of Biosignal Sciences, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan; and

^# Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Vrije University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

¹ Correspondence: Phagocyte Laboratory, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands. E-mail: t.k.vandenberg{at}sanquin.nl

Osteoclasts mediate bone resorption, which is critical for bone development, maintenance, and repair. Proper control of osteoclast development and function is important and deregulation of these processes may lead to bone disease, such as osteoporosis. Previous studies have shown that the cytosolic protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 acts as a suppressor of osteoclast differentiation and function, but putative inhibitory receptors that mediate recruitment and activation of SHP-1 in osteoclasts have remained unknown. In the present study, we identify the SHP-1-recruiting inhibitory immunoreceptor signal regulatory protein (SIRP) as a negative regulator of osteoclast activity. SIRP is expressed by osteoclasts, and osteoclasts from mice lacking the SIRP cytoplasmic tail and signaling capacity display enhanced bone resorption in vitro. Consequently, SIRP-mutant mice have a significantly reduced cortical bone mass. Furthermore, osteoclasts from SIRP-mutant mice show an enhanced formation of actin rings, known to be instrumental in bone resorption. SIRP mutation did not significantly affect osteoclast formation, implying that the role of SIRP was limited to the regulation of mature osteoclast function. This identifies SIRP as a bona fide inhibitory receptor that regulates the bone-resorption activity and supports a concept in which osteoclast function is balanced by the signaling activities of activating and inhibitory immunoreceptors.—Van Beek, E. M., de Vries, T. J., Mulder, L., Schoenmaker, T., Hoeben, K. A., Matozaki, T., Langenbach, G. E. J., Kraal, G., Everts, V., van den Berg, T. K. Inhibitory regulation of osteoclast bone resorption by signal regulatory protein .

Key Words: immunoreceptor • actin ring • osteoclast function • osteoclastogenesis

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