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Up-regulation of nestin in the infarcted myocardium potentially indicates differentiation of resident cardiac stem cells into various lineages including cardiomyocytes

Sergiu Scobioala^*,, Rainer Klocke^*, Michael Kuhlmann^*, Wen Tian^*, Lekbira Hasib^*,, Hendrik Milting, Simone Koenig, Matthias Stelljes, Aly El-Banayosy, Gero Tenderich, Guenter Michel^*, Guenter Breithardt^* and Sigrid Nikol^*,

^* Department of Cardiology and Angiology, and

Department of Medicine/Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany;

Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; and

Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, Ruhr University Bochum, Erich und Hanna Klessman Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Development, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany

¹Correspondence: Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik C, (Cardiology and Angiology), University of Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Str. 33, Muenster 48149, Germany. E-mail: nikol{at}uni-muenster.de

To identify proteins involved in cardiac regeneration, a proteomics approach was applied. A total of 26 proteins, which displayed aberrant expression in mouse hearts infarcted through ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery, were identified. These included the intermediate filament protein nestin, which was up-regulated in the infarct border zone. Corresponding changes were observed for its mRNA. Nestin mRNA was also up-regulated in hearts from 17 of 19 patients with end-stage heart failure, including 4 with acute myocardial infarction in comparison with 8 donor hearts. Immunofluorescence confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that nestin is expressed, on the one hand, in small proportions of cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, neuronal cells, and fibroblasts. On the other hand, it was found to be coexpressed with the stem cell markers c-kit, Sca-1, Mdr-1, and Abcg2 in small interstitial cells. In infarcted hearts from chimeric mice transplanted with bone marrow from enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) transgenic mice, less than 1% of nestin-positive cells coexpressed EGFP, although EGFP-positive cells were abundant in these. Consequently, enhanced expression of nestin in the injured myocardium might reflect spontaneous regenerative processes supposedly based on the differentiation of resident cardiac stem cells into diverse cardiac cell types.—Scobioala, S., Klocke, R., Kuhlmann, M., Tian, W., Hasib, L., Milting, H., Koenig, S., Stelljes, M., El-Banayosy, A., Tenderich, G., Michel, G., Breithardt, G., Nikol, S. Up-regulation of nestin in the infarcted myocardium potentially indicates differentiation of resident cardiac stem cells into various lineages including cardiomyocytes.

Key Words: cardiac regeneration • myocardial infarction • heart failure • progenitor cells • proteomics • intermediate filament