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Inhibitory control of endothelial galectin-1 on in vitro and in vivo lymphocyte trafficking

William Harvey Research Institute, Barts, and The London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK

¹Correspondence: The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts, and The London, Queen Mary School of Medicine and Dentistry, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK. E-mail: m.perretti{at}qmul.ac.uk

Galectin-1 (Gal-1) is a β-galactoside-binding protein, the expression of which is increased in endothelial cells on exposure to proinflammatory stimuli. Through binding of several receptors (CD7, CD45, and CD43) Gal-1 is known to induce apoptosis of activated T lymphocytes, an effect thought to mediate the beneficial effects it exerts in various inflammatory models. The data presented here highlights another function for Gal-1, that of a negative regulator of T-cell recruitment to the endothelium under both physiological and pathophysiological conditions. We have shown, using siRNA to knockdown Gal-1 in endothelial cells, that endogenous Gal-1 limits T-cell capture, rolling, and adhesion to activated endothelial cells under flow. Furthermore, the reverse effect is observed when exogenous human recombinant Gal-1 is added to activated endothelial monolayers whereby a dramatic reduction in lymphocyte recruitment is seen. These findings are corroborated by studies in Gal-1 null mice in which homing of wild-type (WT) T lymphocytes is significantly increased to mesenteric lymph nodes and to the inflamed paw in a model of delayed-type hypersensitivity. In conclusion, mimicking endothelial Gal-1 actions would be a novel strategy for controlling aberrant T-cell trafficking, hence for the development of innovative anti-inflammatory therapeutics.—Norling, L. V., Sampaio, A. L. F., Cooper, D., Perretti, M. Inhibitory control of endothelial galectin-1 on in vitro and in vivo lymphocyte trafficking.

Key Words: small interfering RNA • homing • delayed-type hypersensitivity

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