|
|
||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||



* Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and
Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, and St. Lukes Episcopal Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA; and
Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Womens Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
1 Correspondence: Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, N520.11, Houston, TX 77030, USA. E-mail: amerched{at}bcm.edu
Atherosclerosis is now recognized as an inflammatory disease involving the vascular wall. Recent results indicate that acute inflammation does not simply passively resolve as previously assumed but is actively terminated by a homeostatic process that is governed by specific lipid-derived mediators initiated by lipoxygenases. Experiments with animals and humans support a proinflammatory role for the 5-lipoxygenase system. In contrast, results from animal experiments show a range of responses with the 12/15-lipoxygenase pathways in atherosclerosis. To date, the only two clinical epidemiology human studies both support an antiatherogenic role for 12/15-lipoxygenase downstream actions. We tested the hypothesis that atherosclerosis results from a failure in the resolution of local inflammation by analyzing apolipoprotein E-deficient mice with 1) global leukocyte 12/15-lipoxygenase deficiency, 2) normal enzyme expression, or 3) macrophage-specific 12/15-lipoxygenase overexpression. Results from these indicate that 12/15-lipoxygenase expression protects mice against atherosclerosis via its role in the local biosynthesis of lipid mediators, including lipoxin A4, resolvin D1, and protectin D1. These mediators exert potent agonist actions on macrophages and vascular endothelial cells that can control the magnitude of the local inflammatory response. Taken together, these findings suggest that a failure of local endogenous resolution mechanisms may underlie the unremitting inflammation that fuels atherosclerosis.—Merched, A. J., Ko, K., Gotlinger, K. H., Serhan, C. N. Chan, L. Atherosclerosis: evidence for impairment of resolution of vascular inflammation governed by specific lipid mediators.
Key Words: lipoxygenase innate immunity
This article has been cited by other articles:
![]() |
M. W. Buczynski, D. S. Dumlao, and E. A. Dennis Thematic Review Series: Proteomics. An integrated omics analysis of eicosanoid biology J. Lipid Res., June 1, 2009; 50(6): 1015 - 1038. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Gonzalez-Periz, R. Horrillo, N. Ferre, K. Gronert, B. Dong, E. Moran-Salvador, E. Titos, M. Martinez-Clemente, M. Lopez-Parra, V. Arroyo, et al. Obesity-induced insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis are alleviated by {omega}-3 fatty acids: a role for resolvins and protectins FASEB J, June 1, 2009; 23(6): 1946 - 1957. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
G. L. Weibel, M. R. Joshi, E. T. Alexander, P. Zhu, I. A. Blair, and G. H. Rothblat Overexpression of Human 15(S)-Lipoxygenase-1 in RAW Macrophages Leads to Increased Cholesterol Mobilization and Reverse Cholesterol Transport Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., June 1, 2009; 29(6): 837 - 842. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. Steinberg The LDL modification hypothesis of atherogenesis: an update J. Lipid Res., April 1, 2009; 50(Supplement): S376 - S381. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. N. Serhan, R. Yang, K. Martinod, K. Kasuga, P. S. Pillai, T. F. Porter, S. F. Oh, and M. Spite Maresins: novel macrophage mediators with potent antiinflammatory and proresolving actions J. Exp. Med., January 16, 2009; 206(1): 15 - 23. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |