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CD137 is expressed on blood vessel walls at sites of inflammation and enhances monocyte migratory activity

Daniela Drenkard^*, Florian M. Becke^*, Joachim Langstein^*, Thilo Spruss, Leoni A. Kunz-Schughart^*, Teng Ee Tan, Yaw Chyn Lim and Herbert Schwarz^,1

^* Department of Pathology and

Veterinary Service, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; and

Department of Pathology and

Department of Physiology, Immunology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore

¹ Correspondence: Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, 2 Medical Dr., MD 9, Singapore 117597. E-mail: phssh{at}nus.edu.sg

The cytokine receptor CD137 is a member of the TNF receptor family and a potent T cell costimulatory molecule. Its ligand is expressed on antigen presenting cells as a transmembrane protein and it too can deliver signals into the cells it is expressed on (reverse signaling). In monocytes, immobilized CD137 protein induces activation, prolongation of survival and proliferation. Here we show that recombinant immobilized CD137 protein enhances migration of monocytes in vitro. Further, CD137 expression on spheroids leads to a significantly enhanced infiltration by monocytes. The migration-inducing activity of CD137 could be confirmed in vivo. Matrigel, which was coated with recombinant CD137 protein and was inserted into the flanks of mice attracted large numbers of monocytes and was heavily infiltrated by these cells. In vivo, expression of CD137 by blood vessel walls at sites of inflammation was detectable by immunohistochemistry. CD137 expression is inducible by proinflammatory cytokines in endothelial cells, suggesting that a physiological function of CD137 may be the facilitation of monocyte extravasation in inflammatory tissues.—Drenkard D., Becke F. M., Langstein J., Spruss T., Kunz-Schughart L.A., Tan T.E., Lim Y.C., Schwarz H. CD137 is expressed on blood vessel walls at sites of inflammation and enhances monocyte migratory activity.

Key Words: extravasation • vascular biology

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