HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Summary Full Text Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: fj.06-5867fjev1 20/14/2565    most recent Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Porto, A. Articles by Bianchi, M. E. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Porto, A. Articles by Bianchi, M. E.

Smooth muscle cells in human atherosclerotic plaques secrete and proliferate in response to high mobility group box 1 protein

Annalisa Porto^*,,1, Roberta Palumbo^*,1, Maurizio Pieroni^*, Gianfranco Aprigliano^*, Roberto Chiesa, Francesca Sanvito^*, Attilio Maseri and Marco E. Bianchi^,2

^* San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy;

Institute of Cardiology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy; and

San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy

²Correspondence: San Raffaele University, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy. E-mail: bianchi.marco{at}hsr.it

ABSTRACT

High mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) is a chromatin component leaked out by necrotic cells and actively secreted by activated myeloid cells. The extracellular protein is a potent mediator of tissue remodeling. We show here that human atherosclerotic plaques, but not normal arteries, produce extracellular HMGB1. Secreted HMGB1 originates from endothelial cells, by neointimal foam cells, and also smooth muscle cells (SMCs). SMCs are an unexpected source for secreted HMGB1, since they normally express much lower amounts of HMGB1 than other cells types, and they do not secrete it. However, cultured SMCs actively secrete HMGB1 after cholesterol loading. In turn, in response to HMGB1, SMCs proliferate, migrate, and secrete more HMGB1. Thus, SMCs are both a source and a target of HMGB1; blocking HMGB1 secretion by SMCs can be an important strategy for treatment of atherosclerotic disease and in particular restenosis.—Porto, A., Palumbo, R., Pieroni, M., Aprigliano, G., Chiesa, R., Sanvito, F., Maseri, A., Bianchi, M. E. Smooth muscle cells in human atherosclerotic plaques secrete and proliferate in response to high mobility protein box 1.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				A. E. Ewence, M. Bootman, H. L. Roderick, J. N. Skepper, G. McCarthy, M. Epple, M. Neumann, C. M. Shanahan, and D. Proudfoot Calcium Phosphate Crystals Induce Cell Death in Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells: A Potential Mechanism in Atherosclerotic Plaque Destabilization Circ. Res., August 29, 2008; 103(5): e28 - e34. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. Sha, J. Zmijewski, Z. Xu, and E. Abraham HMGB1 Develops Enhanced Proinflammatory Activity by Binding to Cytokines J. Immunol., February 15, 2008; 180(4): 2531 - 2537. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. De Mori, S. Straino, A. Di Carlo, A. Mangoni, G. Pompilio, R. Palumbo, M. E. Bianchi, M. C. Capogrossi, and A. Germani Multiple Effects of High Mobility Group Box Protein 1 in Skeletal Muscle Regeneration Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., November 1, 2007; 27(11): 2377 - 2383. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]