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,1
* Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Madrid, Spain;
Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; and
Instituto "Reina Sofía de Investigaciones Nefrológicas," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Madrid, Spain
1Correspondence: Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, Madrid 28029, Spain. E-mail: mmonsalve{at}cnic.es
ABSTRACT
Nitric oxide (NO) has both prooxidant and antioxidant activities in the endothelium; however, the molecular mechanisms involved are still a matter of controversy. PGC-1
[peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor (PPAR)
coactivator 1-
] induces the expression of several members of the mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification system. Here, we show that NO regulates this system through the modulation of PGC-1
expression. Short-term (<12 h) treatment of endothelial cells with NO donors down-regulates PGC-1
expression, whereas long-term (>24 h) treatment up-regulates it. Treatment with the NOS inhibitor L-NAME has the opposite effect. Down-regulation of PGC-1
by NO is mediated by protein kinase G (PKG). It is blocked by the soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) inhibitor ODQ and the PKG inhibitor KT5823, and mimicked by the cGMP analog 8-Br-cGMP. Changes in PGC-1
expression are in all cases paralleled by corresponding variations in the mitochondrial ROS detoxification system. Cells that transiently overexpress PGC-1
from the cytomeglovirus (CMV) promoter respond poorly to NO donors. Analysis of tissues from eNOS/ mice showed reduced levels of PGC-1
and the mitochondrial ROS detoxification system. These data suggest that NO can regulate the mitochondrial ROS detoxification system both positively and negatively through PGC-1
. Borniquel, S., Valle, I., Cadenas, S., Lamas, S., and Monsalve, M. Nitric oxide regulates mitochondrial oxidative stress protection via the transcriptional coactivator PGC-1
.
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