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Can specific biological signals be digitized?

Wayne B. Jonas^*,,1,2, John A. Ives^*,,1, Florence Rollwagen^,1, Daniel W. Denman, Kenneth Hintz^||, Mitchell Hammer^¶, Cindy Crawford^*,,1 and Kurt Henry^**,1

^* Samueli Institute for Information Biology, Alexandria, Virginia, 22314, USA
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA;
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C., USA;
University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA;
^|| George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA;
^¶ American University, Washington, D.C., USA; and
^** Defense Advance Research Projects Agency, Arlington, Virginia, USA

²Correspondence: Samueli Institute, 1700 Diagonal Rd., Suite 400, Alexandria, VA 22314, USA. E-mail: wjonas{at}siib.org

At the request of the United States Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, we attempted to replicate the data of Professor Jacques Benveniste that digital signals recorded on a computer disc produce specific biological effects. The hypothesis was that a digitized thrombin inhibitor signal would inhibit the fibrinogen-thrombin coagulation pathway. Because of the controversies associated with previous research of Prof. Benveniste, we developed a system for the management of social controversy in science that incorporated an expert in social communication and conflict management. The social management approach was an adaptation of interactional communication theory, for management of areas that interfere with the conduct of good science. This process allowed us to successfully complete a coordinated effort by a multidisciplinary team, including Prof. Benveniste, a hematologist, engineer, skeptic, statistician, neuroscientist and conflict management expert. Our team found no replicable effects from digital signals.—Jonas, W. B., Ives, J. A., Rollwagen, F., Denman, D. W., Hintz K., Hammer, M., Crawford, C., Henry, K. Can specific biological signals be digitized?

Key Words: social management of science • controversial science claims • electromagnetic signals • digital biology • thrombin • fibrinogen • coagulation

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