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Metalloporphyrins inactivate caspase-3 and -8

Signe B. Blumenthal^*, Alexandra K. Kiemer^*,, Gisa Tiegs, Stefan Seyfried, Monika Höltje, Birte Brandt, Hans-Dieter Höltje, Stefan Zahler^* and Angelika M. Vollmar^*,1

^* Department of Pharmacy, Center of Drug Research, University of Munich, Germany;
Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany; and
Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany; and
Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany

¹Correspondence: Department of Pharmacy, Center of Drug Research, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, D-81377 Munich, Germany. E-mail: Angelika.Vollmar{at}cup.uni-muenchen.de

Activation of caspases represents one of the earliest biochemical indicators for apoptotic cell death. Therefore, measurement of caspase activity is a widely used and generally accepted method to determine apoptosis in a wide range of in vivo and in vitro settings. Numerous publications characterize the role of the heme-catabolizing enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in regulating apoptotic processes. Different metalloporphyrins representing inducers and inhibitors of this enzyme are often used, followed by assessment of apoptotic cell death. In the present work, we found that caspase-3-like activity, as well as activity of caspase-8 measured in either Fas (CD95) ligand-treated Jurkat T-lymphocytes or by the use of recombinant caspase-3 or -8, was inhibited by different metalloporphyrins (cobalt(III) protoporphyrin IX, tin and zinc(II) protoporphyrin-IX). Moreover, employing the mouse model of Fas-induced liver apoptosis these properties of porphyrins could also be demonstrated in vivo. The metalloporphyrins were shown to inhibit caspase-3-mediated PARP cleavage. Molecular modeling studies demonstrated that porphyrins can occupy the active site of caspase-3 in an energetically favorable manner and in a binding mode similar to that of known inhibitors. The data shown here introduce metalloporphyrins as direct inhibitors of caspase activity. This finding points to the need for careful employment of metalloporphyrins as modulators of HO-1.—Blumenthal, S. B., Kiemer, A. K., Tiegs, G., Seyfried, S., Höltje, M., Brandt, B., Höltje, H.-D., Zahler, S., Vollmar, A. M. Metalloporphyrins inactivate caspase-3 and -8.

Key Words: porphyrin ring • HO-1 expression • heme-iron

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