| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
1
* Cell Stress and Apoptosis Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and
National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; and
The Cardiovascular Institute, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA
1Correspondence: Department of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland. E mail: afshin.samali@nuigalway.ie
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death worldwide. In recent years it has emerged that loss of myocardial cells may be a major pathogenic factor. Cell death can occur in a destructive, uncontrolled manner via necrosis or by a highly regulated programmed cell suicide mechanism termed apoptosis. As cell death in conditions such as heart failure and myocardial infarction does not always follow a typically apoptotic pathway, it remains to be established whether it occurs by apoptosis, necrosis, or a novel uncharacterized mechanism combining aspects of both types of cell death. Apoptotic pathways have been well studied in nonmyocytes and it is thought that similar pathways exist in cardiomyocytes. These pathways include death initiated by ligation of membrane-bound death receptors or death initiated by release of cytochrome c from mitochondria. Increasing evidence supports the existence of these pathways and their regulators in the heart. These regulators include inhibitors of caspases, which are the key enzymes of apoptosis, the Bcl-2 family of proteins, growth factors, stress proteins, calcium, and oxidants. It is hoped that a better understanding of the pathways of apoptosis and their regulation may yield novel therapeutic targets for cardiovascular disease.—Gill, C., Mestril, R., Samali, A. Losing heart: the role of apoptosis in heart disease—a novel therapeutic target?
Key Words: cell death • cardiomyopathy • heat shock proteins • ischemia
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  S. Pietronave, G. Forte, D. Locarno, S. Merlin, A. Zamperone, G. Nicotra, C. Isidoro, P. D. Nardo, and M. Prat Agonist monoclonal antibodies against HGF receptor protect cardiac muscle cells from apoptosis Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, April 1, 2010; 298(4): H1155 - H1165. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. D. Meyer and L. Zhang Short- and long-term adverse effects of cocaine abuse during pregnancy on the heart development Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease, February 1, 2009; 3(1): 7 - 16. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Nakagawa, G. Takemura, H. Kanamori, K. Goto, R. Maruyama, A. Tsujimoto, T. Ohno, H. Okada, A. Ogino, M. Esaki, et al. Mechanisms by Which Late Coronary Reperfusion Mitigates Postinfarction Cardiac Remodeling Circ. Res., July 3, 2008; 103(1): 98 - 106. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Shalaby, T. Rinne, O. Jarvinen, A. Saraste, J. Laurikka, H. Porkkala, P. Saukko, and M. Tarkka Initial results of a clinical study: adenosine enhanced cardioprotection and its effect on cardiomyocytes apoptosis during coronary artery bypass grafting Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg., April 1, 2008; 33(4): 639 - 644. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 U. H. Frey, W. Lieb, J. Erdmann, D. Savidou, G. Heusch, K. Leineweber, H. Jakob, H.-W. Hense, H. Lowel, N. H. Brockmeyer, et al. Characterization of the GNAQ promoter and association of increased Gq expression with cardiac hypertrophy in humans Eur. Heart J., April 1, 2008; 29(7): 888 - 897. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. M. Mentzer Jr, M. S. Jahania, and R. D. Lasley Myocardial Protection Card. Surg. Adult, January 1, 2008; 3(2008): 443 - 464. [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Meyer and Lubo Zhang Fetal Programming of Cardiac Function and Disease Reproductive Sciences, April 1, 2007; 14(3): 209 - 216. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 X. Liao, J.-M. Liu, L. Du, A. Tang, Y. Shang, S. Q. Wang, L.-Y. Chen, and Q. Chen Nitric oxide signaling in stretch-induced apoptosis of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes FASEB J, September 1, 2006; 20(11): 1883 - 1885. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P Krishnamurthy, V Subramanian, M Singh, and K Singh Deficiency of {beta}1 integrins results in increased myocardial dysfunction after myocardial infarction Heart, September 1, 2006; 92(9): 1309 - 1315. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S.-D. Lee, C.-H. Chu, E.-J. Huang, M.-C. Lu, J.-Y. Liu, C.-J. Liu, H.-H. Hsu, J. A. Lin, W.-W. Kuo, and C.-Y. Huang Roles of insulin-like growth factor II in cardiomyoblast apoptosis and in hypertensive rat heart with abdominal aorta ligation. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, August 1, 2006; 291(2): E306 - E314. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. A. Bouwman, K. Salic, F. G. Padding, E. C. Eringa, B. J. van Beek-Harmsen, T. Matsuda, A. Baba, R. J.P. Musters, W. J. Paulus, J. J. de Lange, et al. Cardioprotection Via Activation of Protein Kinase C-{delta} Depends on Modulation of the Reverse Mode of the Na+/Ca2+ Exchanger Circulation, July 4, 2006; 114(1_suppl): I-226 - I-232. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Ramlawi, J. Feng, S. Mieno, C. Szabo, Z. Zsengeller, R. Clements, N. Sodha, M. Boodhwani, C. Bianchi, and F. W. Sellke Indices of Apoptosis Activation After Blood Cardioplegia and Cardiopulmonary Bypass Circulation, July 4, 2006; 114(1_suppl): I-257 - I-263. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Maruyama, G. Takemura, N. Tohse, T. Ohkusa, Y. Ikeda, K. Tsuchiya, S. Minatoguchi, M. Matsuzaki, T. Fujiwara, and H. Fujiwara Synchronous progression of calcium transient-dependent beating and sarcomere destruction in apoptotic adult cardiomyocytes Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, April 1, 2006; 290(4): H1493 - H1502. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. K. Kim, A. Pedram, M. Razandi, and E. R. Levin Estrogen Prevents Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis through Inhibition of Reactive Oxygen Species and Differential Regulation of p38 Kinase Isoforms J. Biol. Chem., March 10, 2006; 281(10): 6760 - 6767. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Miyata, G. Takemura, Y. Kawase, Y. Li, H. Okada, R. Maruyama, H. Ushikoshi, M. Esaki, H. Kanamori, L. Li, et al. Autophagic Cardiomyocyte Death in Cardiomyopathic Hamsters and Its Prevention by Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Am. J. Pathol., February 1, 2006; 168(2): 386 - 397. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Ihara, Y. Urata, S. Goto, and T. Kondo Role of calreticulin in the sensitivity of myocardiac H9c2 cells to oxidative stress caused by hydrogen peroxide Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, January 1, 2006; 290(1): C208 - C221. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Marleau, M. Mulumba, D. Lamontagne, and H. Ong Cardiac and peripheral actions of growth hormone and its releasing peptides: Relevance for the treatment of cardiomyopathies Cardiovasc Res, January 1, 2006; 69(1): 26 - 35. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. B. Potts, A. E. Vaughn, H. McDonough, C. Patterson, and M. Deshmukh Reduced Apaf-1 levels in cardiomyocytes engage strict regulation of apoptosis by endogenous XIAP J. Cell Biol., December 19, 2005; 171(6): 925 - 930. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
X. Chen, X. Zhang, H. Kubo, D. M. Harris, G. D. Mills, J. Moyer, R. Berretta, S. T. Potts, J. D. Marsh, and S. R. Houser Ca2+ Influx-Induced Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+ Overload Causes Mitochondrial-Dependent Apoptosis in Ventricular Myocytes Circ. Res., November 11, 2005; 97(10): 1009 - 1017. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Bae, R. D. Gilbert, C. A. Ducsay, and L. Zhang Prenatal cocaine exposure increases heart susceptibility to ischaemia-reperfusion injury in adult male but not female rats J. Physiol., May 15, 2005; 565(1): 149 - 158. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Nathan, I. Friehs, Y.-H. Choi, D. B. Cowan, H. Cao-Danh, F. X. McGowan, and P. J. del Nido Cyclosporin A But Not FK-506 Protects Against Dopamine-Induced Apoptosis in the Stunned Heart Ann. Thorac. Surg., May 1, 2005; 79(5): 1620 - 1626. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Zhang Prenatal Hypoxia and Cardiac Programming Reproductive Sciences, January 1, 2005; 12(1): 2 - 13. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Zohar, B. Zhu, P. Liu, J. Sodek, and C. A. McCulloch Increased cell death in osteopontin-deficient cardiac fibroblasts occurs by a caspase-3-independent pathway Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, October 1, 2004; 287(4): H1730 - H1739. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Li, G. Takemura, K.-i. Kosai, T. Takahashi, H. Okada, S. Miyata, K. Yuge, S. Nagano, M. Esaki, N. C. Khai, et al. Critical Roles for the Fas/Fas Ligand System in Postinfarction Ventricular Remodeling and Heart Failure Circ. Res., September 17, 2004; 95(6): 627 - 636. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. K. Khor, M. T. Fisher, and C. Schoneich Potential Role of Methionine Sulfoxide in the Inactivation of the Chaperone GroEL by Hypochlorous Acid (HOCl) and Peroxynitrite (ONOO-) J. Biol. Chem., May 7, 2004; 279(19): 19486 - 19493. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Li, S. Bae, and L. Zhang Effect of prenatal hypoxia on heat stress-mediated cardioprotection in adult rat heart Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, May 1, 2004; 286(5): H1712 - H1719. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. N. Eigel, H. Gursahani, and R. W. Hadley ROS are required for rapid reactivation of Na+/Ca2+ exchanger in hypoxic reoxygenated guinea pig ventricular myocytes Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, March 1, 2004; 286(3): H955 - H963. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H J Ankersmit, T Weber, J Auer, G Roth, M Brunner, E Kvas, B Moser, S Spreitzer, E Lassnig, E Maurer, et al. Increased serum concentrations of soluble CD95/Fas and caspase 1/ICE in patients with acute angina Heart, February 1, 2004; 90(2): 151 - 154. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Weisleder, G. E. Taffet, and Y. Capetanaki Bcl-2 overexpression corrects mitochondrial defects and ameliorates inherited desmin null cardiomyopathy PNAS, January 20, 2004; 101(3): 769 - 774. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
O. F. Bueno, D. J. Lips, R. A. Kaiser, B. J. Wilkins, Y.-S. Dai, B. J. Glascock, R. Klevitsky, T. E. Hewett, T. R. Kimball, B. J. Aronow, et al. Calcineurin A{beta} Gene Targeting Predisposes the Myocardium to Acute Ischemia-Induced Apoptosis and Dysfunction Circ. Res., January 9, 2004; 94(1): 91 - 99. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. M. Yarbrough, R. Mukherjee, G. P. Escobar, J. A. Sample, J. E. McLean, K. B. Dowdy, J. W. Hendrick, W. C. Gibson, A. E. Hardin, J. T. Mingoia, et al. Pharmacologic inhibition of intracellular caspases after myocardial infarction attenuates left ventricular remodeling: a potentially novel pathway J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., December 1, 2003; 126(6): 1892 - 1899. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Husse, A. Sopart, and G. Isenberg Cyclical mechanical stretch-induced apoptosis in myocytes from young rats but necrosis in myocytes from old rats Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, October 1, 2003; 285(4): H1521 - H1527. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. B. Vega, R. Bassel-Duby, and E. N. Olson Control of Cardiac Growth and Function by Calcineurin Signaling J. Biol. Chem., September 26, 2003; 278(39): 36981 - 36984. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Bae, Y. Xiao, G. Li, C. A. Casiano, and L. Zhang Effect of maternal chronic hypoxic exposure during gestation on apoptosis in fetal rat heart Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, August 7, 2003; 285(3): H983 - H990. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Hayakawa, G. Takemura, M. Kanoh, Y. Li, M. Koda, Y. Kawase, R. Maruyama, H. Okada, S. Minatoguchi, T. Fujiwara, et al. Inhibition of Granulation Tissue Cell Apoptosis During the Subacute Stage of Myocardial Infarction Improves Cardiac Remodeling and Dysfunction at the Chronic Stage Circulation, July 8, 2003; 108(1): 104 - 109. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Li, Y. Xiao, J. L. Estrella, C. A. Ducsay, R. D. Gilbert, and L. Zhang Effect of Fetal Hypoxia on Heart Susceptibility to Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury in the Adult Rat Reproductive Sciences, July 1, 2003; 10(5): 265 - 274. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Jambrina, R. Alonso, M. Alcalde, M. del Carmen Rodriguez, A. Serrano, C. Martinez-A., J. Garcia-Sancho, and M. Izquierdo Calcium Influx through Receptor-operated Channel Induces Mitochondria-triggered Paraptotic Cell Death J. Biol. Chem., April 11, 2003; 278(16): 14134 - 14145. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. M. Mentzer Jr., M. S. Jahania, and R. D. Lasley Myocardial Protection Card. Surg. Adult, January 1, 2003; 2(2003): 413 - 438. [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. CONDORELLI, C. MORISCO, M. V. G. LATRONICO, P. P. CLAUDIO, P. DENT, P. TSICHLIS, G. CONDORELLI, G. FRATI, A. DRUSCO, C. M. CROCE, et al. TNF-{alpha} signal transduction in rat neonatal cardiac myocytes: definition of pathways generating from the TNF-{alpha} receptor FASEB J, November 1, 2002; 16(13): 1732 - 1737. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
