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(The FASEB Journal. 2001;15:1575-1576.)
© 2001 FASEB

Mind over immunity

KEVIN J. TRACEY1, CHRISTOPHER J. CZURA and SVETLANA IVANOVA

Laboratory of Biomedical Science, North Shore University Hospital, New York University, Manhasset, New York 11030, USA

1Correspondence: Laboratory of Biomedical Science, North Shore University Hospital, New York University, 350 Community Dr., Manhasset, NY 11030, USA. E-mail: kjtracey{at}sprynet.com

ABSTRACT

The central nervous system regulates the innate immune system by elaborating anti-inflammatory hormone cascades in response to bacterial products and immune mediators. We recently discovered that the central nervous system also responds via acetylcholine-mediated efferent signals carried through the vagus nerve. Nicotinic cholinergic receptors expressed on macrophages detect these signals and respond with a dampened cytokine response. Vagus nerve stimulators can mimic this response and can prevent lethal endotoxemia. This newly appreciated cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway provides a neural substrate to study brain–immune interactions and might be harnessed for therapy of cytokine-mediated disease.—Tracey, K. J., Czura, C. J., Ivanova, S. Mind over immunity.


Key Words: macrophage • TNF-{alpha} • HMG-1 • vagus nerve • acetylcholine • placebo effect




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