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(The FASEB Journal. 2001;15:483-491.)
© 2001 FASEB

HIV-1 Tat protein down-regulates CREB transcription factor expression in PC12 neuronal cells through a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT/cyclic nucleoside phosphodiesterase pathway

GIORGIO ZAULI*1, DANIELA MILANI{dagger}, PRISCO MIRANDOLA*,{dagger}, MERI MAZZONI{dagger}, PAOLA SECCHIERO{dagger}, SEBASTIANO MISCIA* and SILVANO CAPITANI{dagger}

* Institute of Normal Morphology, ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University of Chieti; 66100 Chieti, Italy; and
{dagger} Department of Morphology and Embryology, Human Anatomy Section, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy

1Correspondence: Institute of Normal Morphology, ‘G. D’Annunzio’ University of Chieti; via dei Vestini 6, 66100 Chieti, Italy. E-mail: g.zauli{at}morpho.unich.it

The addition of low concentrations (0.1–1 nM) of extracellular HIV-1 Tat protein to PC12 neuronal cells stimulated a rapid (peak at 5 min) elevation of the cAMP intracellular levels, which in turn induced the phosphorylation of CREB transcription factor (peak at 15 min) on serine-133 (Ser-133). On the contrary, at later time points (60–120 min) Tat induced a significant decline of intracellular cAMP with respect to the basal levels observed in control cells treated with bovine serum albumin. In blocking experiments performed with pharmacological inhibitors, Tat decreased the intracellular levels of cAMP and CREB Ser-133 phosphorylation through a signal transduction pathway involving the sequential activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, AKT, and cyclic nucleoside phosphodiesterases. Moreover, in transient transfection experiments, Tat inhibited transcription of CREB promoter in a manner strictly dependent on the presence of the cAMP-responsive elements (CRE) in the CREB promoter. Consistently, the expression of endogenous CREB protein was significantly reduced in PC12 cells by prolonged (24–48 h) treatment with Tat. This decline in the expression of CREB, which plays an essential role in the survival and function of neuronal cells, anticipated a progressive increase of apoptosis in Tat-treated cells. Although obtained in a neuronal cell line, our findings might help to explain some aspects of the pathogenesis of HIV-1-associated dementia.—Zauli, G., Milani, D., Mirandola, P., Mazzoni, M., Secchiero, P., Miscia, S., Capitani, S. HIV-1 Tat protein down-regulates CREB transcription factor expression in PC12 neuronal cells through a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT/cyclic nucleoside phosphodiesterase pathway.


Key Words: extracellular Tat • signal transduction • cAMP • PC12 • HIV-1-associated dementia




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