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in frail elderly humans
Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology and Physiology, Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
2Correspondence: Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8046, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. E-mail semenkov{at}im.wustl.edu
Skeletal muscle protein and function decline with advancing age but the
underlying pathophysiology is poorly understood. To test the hypothesis
that the catabolic cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-
)
contributes to this process, we studied the effects of aging and
resistance exercise on TNF-
expression in human muscle. Using
in situ hybridization, TNF-
message was localized to
myocytes in sections of skeletal muscle from elderly humans. Both
TNF-
mRNA and protein levels were elevated in skeletal muscle from
frail elderly (81±1 year) as compared to healthy young (23±1 year)
men and women. To determine whether resistance exercise affects TNF-
expression, frail elderly men and women were randomly assigned to a
training group or to a nonexercising control group. Muscle biopsies
were performed before and after 3 months. Muscle TNF-
mRNA and
protein levels decreased in the exercise group but did not change in
the control group. Muscle protein synthesis rate in the exercise group
was inversely related to levels of TNF-
protein. These data suggest
that TNF-
contributes to age-associated muscle wasting and that
resistance exercise may attenuate this process by suppressing skeletal
muscle TNF-
expression.Greiwe, J. S., Cheng, B., Rubin,
D. C., Yarasheski, K. E., Semenkovich, C. F. Resistance
exercise decreases skeletal muscle tumor necrosis factor
in frail
elderly humans.
Key Words: cytokines sarcopenia aging lipoprotein lipase
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