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Site-directed inhibition of DNA replication by triple helix formation

SILVIA DIVIACCO^*,, VALENTINA RAPOZZI^*, LUIGI XODO^*, CLAUDE HÉLÈNE, FRANCO QUADRIFOGLIO^* and CARINE GIOVANNANGELI¹

^* Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Udine, 33100 Udine. Italy; and
Laboratoire de Biophysique, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, INSERM U201-CNRS UMR8646, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France

¹Correspondence: Laboratoire de Biophysique, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, INSERM U201-CNRS UMR8646, 43 rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France. E-mail: giovanna{at}mnhn.fr

Sequence-specific DNA recognition can be achieved by the use of triplex-forming molecules, namely, oligonucleotides (TFO) and peptide nucleic acids (PNAs). They have been used to regulate transcription or induce genomic DNA modifications at a selected site in cells and, recently, in vivo. We have determined the conditions under which a triplex structure can inhibit DNA replication in cells. An oligopyrimidine·oligopurine sequence suitable for triplex formation was inserted in a plasmid on both sides of the SV40 origin of replication. This insert-containing plasmid was replicated in COS-1 cells together with the parent plasmid, and the ratio between the corresponding replicated DNAs was quantitated. Selective inhibition of replication of the insert-containing plasmid can be ascribed to ligand binding to the oligopyrimidine·oligopurine sequence. Inhibition of DNA replication was observed using triplex-forming molecules that induce either covalent binding at the double-stranded target sequence (with TFO-psoralen conjugate and irradiation) or noncovalent triplex formation after strand displacement (with bis-PNA). In contrast, in the absence of covalent cross-linking, TFOs (which have been shown to arrest transcription elongation) did not act on replication. These results open new perspectives for future design and use of specific inhibitors of intracellular DNA information processing.—Diviacco, S., Rapozzi, V., Xodo, L., Hélène, C., Quadrifoglio, F., Giovannangeli, C. Site-directed inhibition of DNA replication by triple helix formation.

Key Words: peptide nucleic acid • triplex • PPT/HIV-1

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