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1
* Asamushi Marine Biological Station, Asamushi, Aomori 039-3501, Japan;
Department of Biochemistry, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy; and
Laboratory of Cell Biology, Stazione Zoologica ‘A. Dohrn’ Villa Comunale, I-80121, Napoli, Italy
1Correspondence: Laboratory of Cell Biology, Stazione Zoologica ‘A. Dohrn’, Villa Comunale, I-80121, Napoli, Italy. E-mail: santella{at}alpha.szn.it
We have explored the role of the recently discovered second messenger nicotinic acid adenine nucleotide phosphate (NAADP+) in Ca2+ swings that accompany the fertilization process in starfish oocytes. The injection of NAADP+ deep into the cytoplasm of oocytes matured by the hormone 1-methyladenine (1-MA), mobilized Ca2+ exclusively in the cortical layer, showing that the NAADP+-sensitive Ca2+ pool is restricted to the subplasma membrane region of the cell. At variance with this, InsP3 initiated the liberation of Ca2+ next to the point of injection in the center of the cell. The initial cortical Ca2+ liberation induced by NAADP+ was followed by a spreading of the Ca2+ wave to the remainder of the cell and by a massive cortical granule exocytosis similar to that routinely observed on injection of InsP3. A striking difference in the responses to NAADP+ and InsP3 was revealed by the removal of the nucleus from immature oocytes, i.e., from oocytes not treated with 1-MA. Whereas the Ca2+ response and the cortical granule exocytosis induced by NAADP+ were unaffected by the removal of the nucleus, the Ca2+ response promoted by InsP3 was significantly slowed. In addition, the cortical granule exocytosis was completely abolished. When enucleated oocytes were fertilized, the spermatozoon still promoted the Ca2+ wave and normal cortical exocytosis, strongly suggesting that the Ca2+ response was mediated by NAADP+ and not by InsP3. InsP3-sensitive Ca2+ stores may mediate the propagation of the wave initiated by NAADP+ since its spreading was strongly affected by removal of the nucleus.—Lim, D., Kyozuka, K., Gragnaniello, G., Carafoli, E., Santella, L. NAADP+ initiates the Ca2+ response during fertilization of starfish oocytes.
Key Words: Ca2+ response at fertilization • nicotinic acid adenine nucleotide phosphate • inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate • starfish oocytes
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