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* Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3US, Wales, U.K.;
Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113, Japan;
Institute of Nephrology, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales, U.K.; and
§ Department of Cell Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
1Correspondence: Cardiff School of Biosciences, Biomedical Sciences Building, Cardiff University, Museum Ave. (P.O. Box 911), Cardiff CF10 3US, Wales, U.K. E-mail: JonesSA{at}cf.ac.uk
Interleukin 6 (IL-6) performs a prominent role during disease and has been described as both a pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine. A key feature in the regulation of IL-6 responses has been the identification of a soluble interleukin 6 receptor (sIL-6R), which forms a ligand–receptor complex with IL-6 that is capable of stimulating a variety of cellular responses including proliferation, differentiation and activation of inflammatory processes. Elevated sIL-6R levels have been documented in numerous clinical conditions indicating that its production is coordinated as part of a disease response. Thus, sIL-6R has the potential to regulate both local and systemic IL-6-mediated events. This review will outline the central role of sIL-6R in the coordination of IL-6 responses. Details relating to the mechanisms of sIL-6R production will be provided, while the potential significance of sIL-6R during the development of clinical conditions will be emphasized. We want to convey, therefore, that when thinking about the inflammatory capability of IL-6, it is essential to consider not only the action of IL-6 itself, but also the effect sIL-6R may have on cellular processes.—Jones, S. A., Horiuchi, S., Topley, M. Yamamoto, N., Fuller, G. M. The soluble interleukin 6 receptor: mechanisms of production and implications in disease.
Key Words: cytokines • soluble receptors • interleukin 6 • inflammation • shedding
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