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In vivo imaging of the vesicular acetylcholine transporter and the vesicular monoamine transporter

Department of Radiology, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Neurosurgery, and The Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA

¹Correspondence: Department of Radiology (Mayo Box 292), University of Minnesota. Academic Health Center, 420 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. E-mail: efang001{at}maroon.tc.umn.edu

Validation of the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) and the neuronal vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT2) as important molecular targets in the cholinergic and dopamine neurons, respectively, has sparked interest in the development of radiotracers for studying these markers in vitro and in vivo. Currently, a number of selective high-affinity radiotracers are available for studying these targets in vivo with positron emission tomography (PET) or single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). PET studies of VMAT2 in neuropathology reveal changes in the density of this marker that can be verified independently. Similarly, in vivo studies with VAChT ligands suggest that the latter are potentially useful in detecting cholinergic lesions in vivo; however, additional development is required to fully realize the potential of these radioligands.—Efange, S. M. N. In vivo imaging of the vesicular acetylcholine transporter and the vesicular monoamine transporter.

Key Words: choline acetyltransferase • positron emission tomography • single photon emission computed tomography • radiotracer

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