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-induced single-cell apoptosis
* Institute of Clinical Physiology,
Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Benjamin Franklin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
1Correspondence: Institut für Klinische Physiologie, UK Benjamin Franklin, FU Berlin, 12200 Berlin, Germany. E-mail gitter{at}medizin.fu-berlin.de
Current opinion assumes epithelial integrity during spontaneous
apoptotic cell death. We measured, for the first time, the local
conductances associated with apoptoses and show leaks of up to 280 nS
(mean 48 ± 19 nS) in human intestinal epithelium. The results
disprove the dogma that isolated cell apoptosis occurs without
affecting the epithelial cell permeability barrier. After induction by
tumor necrosis factor 
(TNF-) the apoptotic leaks were
dramatically enhanced: not only was the frequency increased by
threefold, but the mean conductance also increased by 12-fold (597±98
nS). Thus, apoptosis accounted for about half (56%) of the
TNF--induced permeability increase whereas the other half was caused
by degradation of tight junctions in nonapoptotic areas. Hence,
spontaneous and induced apoptosis hollow out the intestinal barrier and
may facilitate loss of solutes and uptake of noxious agents.—Gitter,
A. H., Bendfeldt, K., Schulzke, J.-D., Fromm, M. Leaks in the
epithelial barrier caused by spontaneous and TNF--induced
single-cell apoptosis.
Key Words: cell death • conductance scanning • intestine • tight junction • permeability
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