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Serono Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Ares-Serono International SA, 1228 Plan-les-Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland
1Correspondence: Serono Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Ares-Serono International SA, 1228 Plan-les-Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland. E mail. steve.arkinstall@serono.com
Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases are important players in signal transduction pathways activated by a range of stimuli and mediate a number of physiological and pathological changes in cell function. MAP kinase activation requires phosphorylation on a threonine and tyrosine residue located within the activation loop of kinase subdomain VIII. This process is reversible even in the continued presence of activating stimuli, indicating that protein phosphatases provide an important mechanism for MAP kinase control. Dual specificity phosphatases (DSPs) are an emerging subclass of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) gene superfamily, which appears to be selective for dephosphorylating the critical phosphothreonine and phosphotyrosine residues within MAP kinases. Some DSPs are localized to different subcellular compartments and moreover, certain family members appear highly selective for inactivating distinct MAP kinase isoforms. This enzymatic specificity is due in part to powerful catalytic activation of the DSP phosphatase after tight binding of its amino-terminal to the target MAP kinase. DSP gene expression is induced strongly by various growth factors and/or cellular stresses, providing a sophisticated transcriptional mechanism for targeted inactivation of selected MAP kinase activities.—Camps, M., Nichols, A., Arkinstall, S. Dual specificity phosphatases: a gene family for control of MAP kinase function.
Key Words: MAP kinases • protein phosphatases • dual • specificity phosphatases • signal transduction
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S. Katou, E. Karita, H. Yamakawa, S. Seo, I. Mitsuhara, K. Kuchitsu, and Y. Ohashi Catalytic Activation of the Plant MAPK Phosphatase NtMKP1 by Its Physiological Substrate Salicylic Acid-induced Protein Kinase but Not by Calmodulins J. Biol. Chem., November 25, 2005; 280(47): 39569 - 39581. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. R. Wong, K. E. Dunsmore, K. Page, and T. P. Shanley Heat shock-mediated regulation of MKP-1 Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, November 1, 2005; 289(5): C1152 - C1158. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. Xu, Q. Yang, M. Shen, X. Huang, M. Dembski, R. Gimeno, L. A. Tartaglia, R. Kapeller, and Z. Wu Dual Specificity MAPK Phosphatase 3 Activates PEPCK Gene Transcription and Increases Gluconeogenesis in Rat Hepatoma Cells J. Biol. Chem., October 28, 2005; 280(43): 36013 - 36018. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. R. Christie, D. J. Williams, F. MacIsaac, R. J. Dickinson, I. Rosewell, and S. M. Keyse The Dual-Specificity Protein Phosphatase DUSP9/MKP-4 Is Essential for Placental Function but Is Not Required for Normal Embryonic Development Mol. Cell. Biol., September 15, 2005; 25(18): 8323 - 8333. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Hezi-Yamit, P. W. Wong, N. Bien-Ly, L. G. Komuves, K. S. S. Prasad, D. R. Phillips, and U. Sinha Synergistic induction of tissue factor by coagulation factor Xa and TNF: Evidence for involvement of negative regulatory signaling cascades PNAS, August 23, 2005; 102(34): 12077 - 12082. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 P. E. Kovanen, L. Young, A. Al-Shami, V. Rovella, C. A. Pise-Masison, M. F. Radonovich, J. Powell, J. Fu, J. N. Brady, P. J. Munson, et al. Global analysis of IL-2 target genes: identification of chromosomal clusters of expressed genes Int. Immunol., August 1, 2005; 17(8): 1009 - 1021. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. Nyunoya, M. M. Monick, L. S. Powers, T. O. Yarovinsky, and G. W. Hunninghake Macrophages Survive Hyperoxia via Prolonged ERK Activation Due to Phosphatase Down-regulation J. Biol. Chem., July 15, 2005; 280(28): 26295 - 26302. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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E. A. Willoughby and M. K. Collins Dynamic Interaction between the Dual Specificity Phosphatase MKP7 and the JNK3 Scaffold Protein {beta}-Arrestin 2 J. Biol. Chem., July 8, 2005; 280(27): 25651 - 25658. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. E. McMullen, P. W. Bryant, C. C. Glembotski, P. A. Vincent, and K. M. Pumiglia Activation of p38 Has Opposing Effects on the Proliferation and Migration of Endothelial Cells J. Biol. Chem., June 3, 2005; 280(22): 20995 - 21003. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. J. Wu, L. Zhang, and A. M. Bennett The Noncatalytic Amino Terminus of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphatase 1 Directs Nuclear Targeting and Serum Response Element Transcriptional Regulation Mol. Cell. Biol., June 1, 2005; 25(11): 4792 - 4803. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. Brancho, J.-J. Ventura, A. Jaeschke, B. Doran, R. A. Flavell, and R. J. Davis Role of MLK3 in the Regulation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Cascades Mol. Cell. Biol., May 1, 2005; 25(9): 3670 - 3681. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. J. Wu and A. M. Bennett Essential Role for Mitogen-activated Protein (MAP) Kinase Phosphatase-1 in Stress-responsive MAP Kinase and Cell Survival Signaling J. Biol. Chem., April 22, 2005; 280(16): 16461 - 16466. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. Katagiri, K. Masuda, T. Urano, K. Yamashita, Y. Araki, K. Kikuchi, and H. Shima Phosphorylation of Ser-446 Determines Stability of MKP-7 J. Biol. Chem., April 15, 2005; 280(15): 14716 - 14722. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K.-H. Lee, C.-T. Lee, Y. W. Kim, S. K. Han, Y.-S. Shim, and C.-G. Yoo Preheating Accelerates Mitogen-activated Protein (MAP) Kinase Inactivation Post-heat Shock via a Heat Shock Protein 70-mediated Increase in Phosphorylated MAP Kinase Phosphatase-1 J. Biol. Chem., April 1, 2005; 280(13): 13179 - 13186. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. N. Hancock, S. Dangi, and P. Shapiro Protein Phosphatase 2A Activity Associated with Golgi Membranes during the G2/M Phase May Regulate Phosphorylation of ERK2 J. Biol. Chem., March 25, 2005; 280(12): 11590 - 11598. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 J. Nazarian, K. Bouri, and E. P. Hoffman Intracellular expression profiling by laser capture microdissection: three novel components of the neuromuscular junction Physiol Genomics, March 21, 2005; 21(1): 70 - 80. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 S. Subramaniam, N. Shahani, J. Strelau, C. Laliberte, R. Brandt, D. Kaplan, and K. Unsicker Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Inhibits Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase to Promote Neuronal Survival via the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Protein Kinase A/c-Raf Pathway J. Neurosci., March 16, 2005; 25(11): 2838 - 2852. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Mandl, D. N. Slack, and S. M. Keyse Specific Inactivation and Nuclear Anchoring of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 2 by the Inducible Dual-Specificity Protein Phosphatase DUSP5 Mol. Cell. Biol., March 1, 2005; 25(5): 1830 - 1845. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 H. Ludwig, J. Mages, C. Staib, M. H. Lehmann, R. Lang, and G. Sutter Role of Viral Factor E3L in Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara Infection of Human HeLa Cells: Regulation of the Virus Life Cycle and Identification of Differentially Expressed Host Genes J. Virol., February 15, 2005; 79(4): 2584 - 2596. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 K. Hardy, L. Mansfield, A. Mackay, S. Benvenuti, S. Ismail, P. Arora, M. J. O'Hare, and P. S. Jat Transcriptional Networks and Cellular Senescence in Human Mammary Fibroblasts Mol. Biol. Cell, February 1, 2005; 16(2): 943 - 953. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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L. Qin, X. Li, J.-K. Ko, and N. C. Partridge Parathyroid Hormone Uses Multiple Mechanisms to Arrest the Cell Cycle Progression of Osteoblastic Cells from G1 to S Phase J. Biol. Chem., January 28, 2005; 280(4): 3104 - 3111. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. Marchetti, C. Gimond, J.-C. Chambard, T. Touboul, D. Roux, J. Pouyssegur, and G. Pages Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinases Phosphorylate Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphatase 3/DUSP6 at Serines 159 and 197, Two Sites Critical for Its Proteasomal Degradation Mol. Cell. Biol., January 15, 2005; 25(2): 854 - 864. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 R. Furst, C. Brueckl, W. M. Kuebler, S. Zahler, F. Krotz, A. Gorlach, A. M. Vollmar, and A. K. Kiemer Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Induces Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphatase-1 in Human Endothelial Cells via Rac1 and NAD(P)H Oxidase/Nox2-Activation Circ. Res., January 7, 2005; 96(1): 43 - 53. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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B. H. Shah, J. A. Olivares-Reyes, and K. J. Catt The Protein Kinase C Inhibitor Go6976 [12-(2-Cyanoethyl)-6,7,12,13-tetrahydro-13-methyl-5-oxo-5H-indolo(2,3-a)pyrrolo(3,4-c)-carbazole] Potentiates Agonist-Induced Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activation through Tyrosine Phosphorylation of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mol. Pharmacol., January 1, 2005; 67(1): 184 - 194. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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