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(The FASEB Journal. 2000;14:157-165.)
© 2000 FASEB

Antibodies to the estrogen receptor-{alpha} modulate rapid prolactin release from rat pituitary tumor cells through plasma membrane estrogen receptors

ANDREA M. NORFLEET*, CHARLOTTE H. CLARKE{dagger}, BAHIRU GAMETCHU{ddagger} and CHERYL S. WATSON*1

* Department of Human Biological Chemistry and Genetics, and
{dagger} Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; and
{ddagger} Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA

1Correspondence: Department of Human Biological Chemistry and Genetics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0645, USA. E-mail: cswatson{at}utmb.edu

Antibodies (Abs) raised against the estrogen receptor-{alpha} (ER{alpha}) were used to investigate the role of ER{alpha} proteins located at the plasma membrane in mediating the rapid, estrogen-stimulated secretion of prolactin (PRL) from rat pituitary GH3/B6/F10 cells. Exposure of the cells to 1 nM 17ß-estradiol (E2) significantly increased PRL release after 3 or 6 min. When ER{alpha} Abs that bind specifically to ER{alpha} but are too large to diffuse into cells were tested for activity at the cell membrane, Ab R4, targeted to an ER{alpha} hinge region sequence, increased PRL release in a time- and concentration-dependent fashion. Ab H151, directed against a different hinge region epitope, decreased PRL release and blocked the stimulatory action of E2. Abs raised against the DNA binding domain (H226) or the carboxyl terminus (C542) were not biologically active. When each Ab was examined for recognition of ER{alpha} on the cell surface by immunocytochemistry, all except H151 generated immunostaining in aldehyde-fixed cells. In live cells, however, Ab H151 but not Ab R4 blocked the membrane binding of fluorescently tagged E2-BSA. Overall, the data indicate that plasma membrane ER{alpha} proteins mediate estrogen-stimulated PRL release from GH3/B6/F10 cells. These results may also convey information about conformationally sensitive areas of the membrane form of ER{alpha} involved in rapid, nongenomic responses to estrogens.—Norfleet, A. M., Clarke, C. H., Gametchu, B., Watson, C. S. Antibodies to the estrogen receptor-{alpha} modulate rapid prolactin release from rat pituitary tumor cells through plasma membrane estrogen receptors.


Key Words: nongenomic effects • membrane steroid receptors • immunocytochemistry




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