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ER transport on actin filaments in squid giant axon: implications for signal transduction at synapse

Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA

¹Correspondence: Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, 6044 Gilman Laboratory, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (S-ER) is transported on actin filaments in the giant axon of the squid. The identity of the myosin motors that transport S-ER in the squid giant axon has been determined. Our recent studies have shown that the motor for movement of S-ER vesicles on actin filaments is Myosin-V (1) . These findings grew out of a series of studies that began with the initial observation that vesicles in the giant axon of the squid move on both microtubules and actin filaments (2) . These initial studies documented the ability of individual vesicles to move from microtubules to actin filaments and led to the development of the dual filament model of vesicle transport (3 , 4) . The model proposes that long-range movement of vesicles occurs on microtubules and short-range movement on actin filaments. S-ER vesicles were identified as the major population of vesicles in the axon that use myosin-V for movement on actin filaments. The S-ER is the primary site of calcium storage, and it regulates the local cytosolic calcium concentration. Calcium release from the S-ER in neurons couples electrical excitation to signal transduction cascades. The signaling cascades triggered by the release of calcium from S-ER in dendritic spines are postulated to initiate the cellular mechanisms that lead to learning and memory.—Langford, G. M. ER transport on actin filaments in squid giant axon: implications for signal transduction at synapse.

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