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The effect of increased intakes of polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E on DNA damage in human lymphocytes

Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn, Aberdeen, Scotland, U.K. AB21 9SB

¹Correspondence: Rowett Research Institute, Greenburn Rd., Bucksburn, Aberdeen, Scotland, U.K. AB21 9SB. E-mail: aj{at}rri.sari.ac.uk

The effect of increasing dietary intakes of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and vitamin E on indices of oxidative DNA damage was investigated. Twenty-one healthy male, nonsmokers aged 28.9 ± 1.3 years participated in a free-living, split plot/change over trial in which half the volunteers consumed diets containing 5% PUFA as food energy for 4 wk and, after a 10 wk washout period, consumed a 15% PUFA diet for another 4 wk. The other volunteers followed an identical protocol, except that they consumed the 15% PUFA diet first. The diets were provided to volunteers either with or without an additional 80 mg d-tocopherol acetate/day; otherwise total fat, carbohydrates, protein, and basal vitamin E contents remained unchanged. DNA damage induced by 200 µM H₂O₂ in lymphocytes from volunteers as well as endogenous DNA damage in the form of oxidized pyrimidines, measured by alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis (the comet assay), significantly decreased after consumption of the 5% PUFA diet (P<0.001 and P=0.01, respectively), but significantly increased after consumption of the 15% PUFA diet when -tocopherol levels were in the range of 5–7 mg/day (P=0.008 and P=0.03, respectively). These changes were abolished by an additional 80 mg d-tocopherol/day. This study indicates that increasing dietary levels of PUFA to 15% may adversely affect some indices of DNA stability. However, increasing the dietary intake of vitamin E by 80 mg/day ameliorates the damaging effects of PUFA.—Jenkinson, A. McE., Collins, A. R., Duthie, S. J., Wahle, K. W. J., Duthie, G. G. The effect of increased intakes of polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E on DNA damage in human lymphocytes.

Key Words: PUFA • lipid peroxidation • comet assay • oxidized pyrimidines

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