| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
Department of Cell Biology and
* Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, S-58185 Linköping, Sweden
1Correspondence: Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, S-58185 Linkoping, Sweden. E-mail: peter.stralfors{at}mcb.liu.se
The insulin receptor is a transmembrane protein of the plasma membrane, where it recognizes extracellular insulin and transmits signals into the cellular signaling network. We report that insulin receptors are localized and signal in caveolae microdomains of adipocyte plasma membrane. Immunogold electron microscopy and immunofluorescence microscopy show that insulin receptors are restricted to caveolae and are colocalized with caveolin over the plasma membrane. Insulin receptor was enriched in a caveolae-enriched fraction of plasma membrane. By extraction with ß-cyclodextrin or destruction with cholesterol oxidase, cholesterol reduction attenuated insulin receptor signaling to protein phosphorylation or glucose transport. Insulin signaling was regained by spontaneous recovery or by exogenous replenishment of cholesterol. ß-Cyclodextrin treatment caused a nearly complete annihilation of caveolae invaginations as examined by electron microscopy. This suggests that the receptor is dependent on the caveolae environment for signaling. Insulin stimulation of cells prior to isolation of caveolae or insulin stimulation of the isolated caveolae fraction increased tyrosine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor in caveolae, demonstrating that insulin receptors in caveolae are functional. Our results indicate that insulin receptors are localized to caveolae in the plasma membrane of adipocytes, are signaling in caveolae, and are dependent on caveolae for signaling.—Gustavsson, J., Parpal, S., Karlsson, M., Ramsing, C., Thorn, H., Borg, M., Lindroth, M., Peterson, K. H., Magnusson, K.-E., Strålfors, P. Localization of the insulin receptor in caveolae of adipocyte plasma membrane.
Key Words: cholesterol • signal transduction • insulin resistance • diabetes
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  M. Hahn-Obercyger, L. Graeve, and Z. Madar A high-cholesterol diet increases the association between caveolae and insulin receptors in rat liver J. Lipid Res., January 1, 2009; 50(1): 98 - 107. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. C. Matthews, M. J. Taggart, and M. Westwood Modulation of Caveolin-1 Expression Can Affect Signalling through the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt Pathway and Cellular Proliferation in Response to Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Endocrinology, October 1, 2008; 149(10): 5199 - 5208. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Anderson and J. Borlak Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets in Steatosis and Steatohepatitis Pharmacol. Rev., September 1, 2008; 60(3): 311 - 357. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. S. Augustus, J. Buchanan, S. Addya, G. Rengo, R. G. Pestell, P. Fortina, W. J. Koch, A. Bensadoun, E. D. Abel, and M. P. Lisanti Substrate uptake and metabolism are preserved in hypertrophic caveolin-3 knockout hearts Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, August 1, 2008; 295(2): H657 - H666. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Wang, A. R. Sapuri-Butti, H. H. Aung, A. N. Parikh, and J. C. Rutledge Triglyceride-rich lipoprotein lipolysis increases aggregation of endothelial cell membrane microdomains and produces reactive oxygen species Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, July 1, 2008; 295(1): H237 - H244. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Langeveld, K. J. M. Ghauharali, H. P. Sauerwein, M. T. Ackermans, J. E. M. Groener, C. E. M. Hollak, J. M. Aerts, and M. J. Serlie Type I Gaucher Disease, a Glycosphingolipid Storage Disorder, Is Associated with Insulin Resistance J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., March 1, 2008; 93(3): 845 - 851. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. F. Pilch, R. P. Souto, L. Liu, M. P. Jedrychowski, E. A. Berg, C. E. Costello, and S. P. Gygi Cellular spelunking: exploring adipocyte caveolae J. Lipid Res., October 1, 2007; 48(10): 2103 - 2111. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Kawamata, T. Imamura, J. L. Babendure, J.-C. Lu, T. Yoshizaki, and J. M. Olefsky Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-1 Can Function through a G{alpha}q/11-beta-Arrestin-1 Signaling Complex J. Biol. Chem., September 28, 2007; 282(39): 28549 - 28556. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Kabayama, T. Sato, K. Saito, N. Loberto, A. Prinetti, S. Sonnino, M. Kinjo, Y. Igarashi, and J.-i. Inokuchi Dissociation of the insulin receptor and caveolin-1 complex by ganglioside GM3 in the state of insulin resistance PNAS, August 21, 2007; 104(34): 13678 - 13683. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. M. Storey, T. F. Gibbons, C. V. Williams, R. D. Parr, F. Schroeder, and J. M. Ball Full-Length, Glycosylated NSP4 Is Localized to Plasma Membrane Caveolae by a Novel Raft Isolation Technique J. Virol., June 1, 2007; 81(11): 5472 - 5483. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Balbis, A. Parmar, Y. Wang, G. Baquiran, and B. I. Posner Compartmentalization of Signaling-Competent Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors in Endosomes Endocrinology, June 1, 2007; 148(6): 2944 - 2954. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Oliver, A. Fujimura, A. M. M. Silveira e Souza, R. Orlandini de Castro, R. P. Siraganian, and M. C. Jamur Mast Cell-specific Gangliosides and Fc{varepsilon}RI Follow the Same Endocytic Pathway From Lipid Rafts in RBL-2H3 Cells J. Histochem. Cytochem., April 1, 2007; 55(4): 315 - 325. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Foti, G. Porcheron, M. Fournier, C. Maeder, and J.-L. Carpentier The neck of caveolae is a distinct plasma membrane subdomain that concentrates insulin receptors in 3T3-L1 adipocytes PNAS, January 23, 2007; 104(4): 1242 - 1247. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Trushina, R. D. Singh, R. B. Dyer, S. Cao, V. H. Shah, R. G. Parton, R. E. Pagano, and C. T. McMurray Mutant huntingtin inhibits clathrin-independent endocytosis and causes accumulation of cholesterol in vitro and in vivo Hum. Mol. Genet., December 15, 2006; 15(24): 3578 - 3591. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. H. Fleming, A. A. Kolokoltsov, R. A. Davey, J. E. Nichols, and N. J. Roberts Jr. Respiratory Syncytial Virus F Envelope Protein Associates with Lipid Rafts without a Requirement for Other Virus Proteins J. Virol., December 15, 2006; 80(24): 12160 - 12170. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Wang, Z. Liu, G. Li, and E. J. Barrett The vascular endothelial cell mediates insulin transport into skeletal muscle Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, August 1, 2006; 291(2): E323 - E332. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
X. Lu, F. Kambe, X. Cao, T. Yoshida, S. Ohmori, K. Murakami, T. Kaji, T. Ishii, D. Zadworny, and H. Seo DHCR24-Knockout Embryonic Fibroblasts Are Susceptible to Serum Withdrawal-Induced Apoptosis Because of Dysfunction of Caveolae and Insulin-Akt-Bad Signaling Endocrinology, June 1, 2006; 147(6): 3123 - 3132. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Inoue, S.-H. Chiang, L. Chang, X.-W. Chen, and A. R. Saltiel Compartmentalization of the Exocyst Complex in Lipid Rafts Controls Glut4 Vesicle Tethering Mol. Biol. Cell, May 1, 2006; 17(5): 2303 - 2311. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Schwencke, R. C. Braun-Dullaeus, C. Wunderlich, and R. H. Strasser Caveolae and caveolin in transmembrane signaling: Implications for human disease Cardiovasc Res, April 1, 2006; 70(1): 42 - 49. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. A. Shah, H. Peng, and S. Carbonetto Role of non-raft cholesterol in lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection via {alpha}-dystroglycan. J. Gen. Virol., March 1, 2006; 87(Pt 3): 673 - 678. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Scioscia, K. Gumaa, S. Kunjara, M. A. Paine, L. E. Selvaggi, C. H. Rodeck, and T. W. Rademacher Insulin Resistance in Human Preeclamptic Placenta Is Mediated by Serine Phosphorylation of Insulin Receptor Substrate-1 and -2 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., February 1, 2006; 91(2): 709 - 717. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. C. Matthews, M. J. Taggart, and M. Westwood Effect of Cholesterol Depletion on Mitogenesis and Survival: The Role of Caveolar and Noncaveolar Domains in Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Mediated Cellular Function Endocrinology, December 1, 2005; 146(12): 5463 - 5473. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. L. Macdonald and L. J. Pike A simplified method for the preparation of detergent-free lipid rafts J. Lipid Res., May 1, 2005; 46(5): 1061 - 1067. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Wharton, T. Meshulamy, G. Vallega, and P. Pilch Dissociation of Insulin Receptor Expression and Signaling from Caveolin-1 Expression J. Biol. Chem., April 8, 2005; 280(14): 13483 - 13486. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. G. Harikumar, V. Puri, R. D. Singh, K. Hanada, R. E. Pagano, and L. J. Miller Differential Effects of Modification of Membrane Cholesterol and Sphingolipids on the Conformation, Function, and Trafficking of the G Protein-coupled Cholecystokinin Receptor J. Biol. Chem., January 21, 2005; 280(3): 2176 - 2185. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Ost, U. Ortegren, J. Gustavsson, F. H. Nystrom, and P. Stralfors Triacylglycerol Is Synthesized in a Specific Subclass of Caveolae in Primary Adipocytes J. Biol. Chem., January 7, 2005; 280(1): 5 - 8. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Kabayama, T. Sato, F. Kitamura, S. Uemura, B. W. Kang, Y. Igarashi, and J.-i. Inokuchi TNF{alpha}-induced insulin resistance in adipocytes as a membrane microdomain disorder: involvement of ganglioside GM3 Glycobiology, January 1, 2005; 15(1): 21 - 29. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. K. Mandal, A. Iakhiaev, U. R. Pendurthi, and L. V. M. Rao Acute cholesterol depletion impairs functional expression of tissue factor in fibroblasts: modulation of tissue factor activity by membrane cholesterol Blood, January 1, 2005; 105(1): 153 - 160. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Venugopal, K. Hanashiro, Z.-Z. Yang, and Y. Nagamine Identification and modulation of a caveolae-dependent signal pathway that regulates plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in insulin-resistant adipocytes PNAS, December 7, 2004; 101(49): 17120 - 17125. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Podar, R. Shringarpure, Y.-T. Tai, M. Simoncini, M. Sattler, K. Ishitsuka, P. G. Richardson, T. Hideshima, D. Chauhan, and K. C. Anderson Caveolin-1 Is Required for Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-Triggered Multiple Myeloma Cell Migration and Is Targeted by Bortezomib Cancer Res., October 15, 2004; 64(20): 7500 - 7506. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. W. Cohen, R. Hnasko, W. Schubert, and M. P. Lisanti Role of Caveolae and Caveolins in Health and Disease Physiol Rev, October 1, 2004; 84(4): 1341 - 1379. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Gonzalez, A. Nagiel, A. J. Lin, D. E. Golan, and T. Michel Small Interfering RNA-mediated Down-regulation of Caveolin-1 Differentially Modulates Signaling Pathways in Endothelial Cells J. Biol. Chem., September 24, 2004; 279(39): 40659 - 40669. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Balbis, G. Baquiran, C. Mounier, and B. I. Posner Effect of Insulin on Caveolin-enriched Membrane Domains in Rat Liver J. Biol. Chem., September 17, 2004; 279(38): 39348 - 39357. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Oshikawa, K. Otsu, Y. Toya, T. Tsunematsu, R. Hankins, J.-i. Kawabe, S. Minamisawa, S. Umemura, Y. Hagiwara, and Y. Ishikawa Insulin resistance in skeletal muscles of caveolin-3-null mice PNAS, August 24, 2004; 101(34): 12670 - 12675. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Yang, Y. Huang, J. Jiang, and S. J. Frank Caveolar and Lipid Raft Localization of the Growth Hormone Receptor and Its Signaling Elements: IMPACT ON GROWTH HORMONE SIGNALING J. Biol. Chem., May 14, 2004; 279(20): 20898 - 20905. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Bucci, F. Roviezzo, V. Brancaleone, M. I. Lin, A. Di Lorenzo, C. Cicala, A. Pinto, W. C. Sessa, S. Farneti, S. Fiorucci, et al. Diabetic Mouse Angiopathy Is Linked to Progressive Sympathetic Receptor Deletion Coupled to an Enhanced Caveolin-1 Expression Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., April 1, 2004; 24(4): 721 - 726. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. J. Costa, Y. Song, P. Macours, C. Massart, M. C. Many, S. Costagliola, J. E. Dumont, J. Van Sande, and V. Vanvooren Sphingolipid-Cholesterol Domains (Lipid Rafts) in Normal Human and Dog Thyroid Follicular Cells Are Not Involved in Thyrotropin Receptor Signaling Endocrinology, March 1, 2004; 145(3): 1464 - 1472. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. Liu, B. J. Leffler, L. K. Weeks, G. Chen, C. M. Bouchard, A. B. Strawbridge, and J. S. Elmendorf Sphingomyelinase activates GLUT4 translocation via a cholesterol-dependent mechanism Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, February 1, 2004; 286(2): C317 - C329. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Singh, D. Charkowicz, and D. Mascarenhas Insulin-like Growth Factor-independent Effects Mediated by a C-terminal Metal-binding Domain of Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein-3 J. Biol. Chem., January 2, 2004; 279(1): 477 - 487. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Uhles, T. Moede, B. Leibiger, P.-O. Berggren, and I. B. Leibiger Isoform-specific insulin receptor signaling involves different plasma membrane domains J. Cell Biol., December 22, 2003; 163(6): 1327 - 1337. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. W. Cohen, T. P. Combs, P. E. Scherer, and M. P. Lisanti Role of caveolin and caveolae in insulin signaling and diabetes Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, December 1, 2003; 285(6): E1151 - E1160. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Biedi, D. Panetta, D. Segat, R. Cordera, and D. Maggi Specificity of Insulin-Like Growth Factor I and Insulin on Shc Phosphorylation and Grb2 Recruitment in Caveolae Endocrinology, December 1, 2003; 144(12): 5497 - 5503. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Thorn, K. G. Stenkula, M. Karlsson, U. Ortegren, F. H. Nystrom, J. Gustavsson, and P. Stralfors Cell Surface Orifices of Caveolae and Localization of Caveolin to the Necks of Caveolae in Adipocytes Mol. Biol. Cell, October 1, 2003; 14(10): 3967 - 3976. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. D. Singh, V. Puri, J. T. Valiyaveettil, D. L. Marks, R. Bittman, and R. E. Pagano Selective Caveolin-1-dependent Endocytosis of Glycosphingolipids Mol. Biol. Cell, August 1, 2003; 14(8): 3254 - 3265. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H.-J. He, S. Kole, Y.-K. Kwon, M. T. Crow, and M. Bernier Interaction of Filamin A with the Insulin Receptor Alters Insulin-dependent Activation of the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway J. Biol. Chem., July 11, 2003; 278(29): 27096 - 27104. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. P. Souto, G. Vallega, J. Wharton, J. Vinten, J. Tranum-Jensen, and P. F. Pilch Immunopurification and Characterization of Rat Adipocyte Caveolae Suggest Their Dissociation from Insulin Signaling J. Biol. Chem., May 9, 2003; 278(20): 18321 - 18329. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. J. Pike Lipid rafts: bringing order to chaos J. Lipid Res., April 1, 2003; 44(4): 655 - 667. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Huo, X. Guo, S. Hong, M. Jiang, X. Liu, and K. Liao Lipid Rafts/Caveolae Are Essential for Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Receptor Signaling during 3T3-L1 Preadipocyte Differentiation Induction J. Biol. Chem., March 21, 2003; 278(13): 11561 - 11569. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Shigematsu, R. T. Watson, A. H. Khan, and J. E. Pessin The Adipocyte Plasma Membrane Caveolin Functional/Structural Organization Is Necessary for the Efficient Endocytosis of GLUT4 J. Biol. Chem., March 14, 2003; 278(12): 10683 - 10690. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Podar, Y.-T. Tai, C. E. Cole, T. Hideshima, M. Sattler, A. Hamblin, N. Mitsiades, R. L. Schlossman, F. E. Davies, G. J. Morgan, et al. Essential Role of Caveolae in Interleukin-6- and Insulin-like Growth Factor I-triggered Akt-1-mediated Survival of Multiple Myeloma Cells J. Biol. Chem., February 14, 2003; 278(8): 5794 - 5801. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. E. Mann, D. L. Yudilevich, and L. Sobrevia Regulation of Amino Acid and Glucose Transporters in Endothelial and Smooth Muscle Cells Physiol Rev, January 1, 2003; 83(1): 183 - 252. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. H. Chamberlain and G. W. Gould The Vesicle- and Target-SNARE Proteins That Mediate Glut4 Vesicle Fusion Are Localized in Detergent-insoluble Lipid Rafts Present on Distinct Intracellular Membranes J. Biol. Chem., December 13, 2002; 277(51): 49750 - 49754. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Shah, K. Patel, V. A. Fried, and P. B. Sehgal Interactions of STAT3 with Caveolin-1 and Heat Shock Protein 90 in Plasma Membrane Raft and Cytosolic Complexes. PRESERVATION OF CYTOKINE SIGNALING DURING FEVER J. Biol. Chem., November 15, 2002; 277(47): 45662 - 45669. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Razani, S. E. Woodman, and M. P. Lisanti Caveolae: From Cell Biology to Animal Physiology Pharmacol. Rev., September 1, 2002; 54(3): 431 - 467. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Kimura, S. Mora, S. Shigematsu, J. E. Pessin, and A. R. Saltiel The Insulin Receptor Catalyzes the Tyrosine Phosphorylation of Caveolin-1 J. Biol. Chem., August 9, 2002; 277(33): 30153 - 30158. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. B. Sehgal, G. G. Guo, M. Shah, V. Kumar, and K. Patel Cytokine Signaling. STATS IN PLASMA MEMBRANE RAFTS J. Biol. Chem., March 29, 2002; 277(14): 12067 - 12074. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. E. Bickel Lipid rafts and insulin signaling Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, January 1, 2002; 282(1): E1 - E10. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Ushio-Fukai, L. Hilenski, N. Santanam, P. L. Becker, Y. Ma, K. K. Griendling, and R. W. Alexander Cholesterol Depletion Inhibits Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Transactivation by Angiotensin II in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. ROLE OF CHOLESTEROL-RICH MICRODOMAINS AND FOCAL ADHESIONS IN ANGIOTENSIN II SIGNALING J. Biol. Chem., December 14, 2001; 276(51): 48269 - 48275. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. J. James, F. Cairns, I. P. Salt, G. J. Murphy, A. F. Dominiczak, J. M.C. Connell, and G. W. Gould Skeletal Muscle of Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats Exhibits Reduced Insulin-Stimulated Glucose Transport and Elevated Levels of Caveolin and Flotillin Diabetes, September 1, 2001; 50(9): 2148 - 2156. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Kimura, C. A. Baumann, S.-H. Chiang, and A. R. Saltiel The sorbin homology domain: A motif for the targeting of proteins to lipid rafts PNAS, July 31, 2001; 98(16): 9098 - 9103. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Muller, C. Jung, S. Wied, S. Welte, H. Jordan, and W. Frick Redistribution of Glycolipid Raft Domain Components Induces Insulin-Mimetic Signaling in Rat Adipocytes Mol. Cell. Biol., July 15, 2001; 21(14): 4553 - 4567. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Govers and T. J. Rabelink Cellular regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, February 1, 2001; 280(2): F193 - F206. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Lee, D. Volonte’, F. Galbiati, P. Iyengar, D. M. Lublin, D. B. Bregman, M. T. Wilson, R. Campos-Gonzalez Boumediene Bouzahzah, R. G. Pestell, P. E. Scherer, et al. Constitutive and Growth Factor-Regulated Phosphorylation of Caveolin-1 Occurs at the Same Site (Tyr-14) in Vivo: Identification of a c-Src/Cav-1/Grb7 Signaling Cassette Mol. Endocrinol., November 1, 2000; 14(11): 1750 - 1775. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Hossain, A. A. Akhand, M. Kato, J. Du, K. Takeda, J. Wu, K. Takeuchi, W. Liu, H. Suzuki, and I. Nakashima Arsenite Induces Apoptosis of Murine T Lymphocytes Through Membrane Raft-Linked Signaling for Activation of c-Jun Amino-Terminal Kinase J. Immunol., October 15, 2000; 165(8): 4290 - 4297. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. A. Fagan, K. E. Smith, and D. M. F. Cooper Regulation of the Ca2+-inhibitable Adenylyl Cyclase Type VI by Capacitative Ca2+ Entry Requires Localization in Cholesterol-rich Domains J. Biol. Chem., August 18, 2000; 275(34): 26530 - 26537. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Liu, P.-y. Wang, P. Michaely, M. Zhu, and R. G. W. Anderson Presence of Oxidized Cholesterol in Caveolae Uncouples Active Platelet-derived Growth Factor Receptors from Tyrosine Kinase Substrates J. Biol. Chem., October 6, 2000; 275(41): 31648 - 31654. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Parpal, M. Karlsson, H. Thorn, and P. Stralfors Cholesterol Depletion Disrupts Caveolae and Insulin Receptor Signaling for Metabolic Control via Insulin Receptor Substrate-1, but Not for Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Control J. Biol. Chem., March 23, 2001; 276(13): 9670 - 9678. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Shigematsu, S. L. Miller, and J. E. Pessin Differentiated 3T3L1 Adipocytes Are Composed of Heterogenous Cell Populations with Distinct Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Signaling Properties J. Biol. Chem., April 27, 2001; 276(18): 15292 - 15297. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Le Lay, S. Krief, C. Farnier, I. Lefrere, X. Le Liepvre, R. Bazin, P. Ferre, and I. Dugail Cholesterol, a Cell Size-dependent Signal That Regulates Glucose Metabolism and Gene Expression in Adipocytes J. Biol. Chem., May 11, 2001; 276(20): 16904 - 16910. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Razani, T. P. Combs, X. B. Wang, P. G. Frank, D. S. Park, R. G. Russell, M. Li, B. Tang, L. A. Jelicks, P. E. Scherer, et al. Caveolin-1-deficient Mice Are Lean, Resistant to Diet-induced Obesity, and Show Hypertriglyceridemia with Adipocyte Abnormalities J. Biol. Chem., March 1, 2002; 277(10): 8635 - 8647. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. T. Watson, S. Shigematsu, S.-H. Chiang, S. Mora, M. Kanzaki, I. G. Macara, A. R. Saltiel, and J. E. Pessin Lipid raft microdomain compartmentalization of TC10 is required for insulin signaling and GLUT4 translocation J. Cell Biol., August 20, 2001; 154(4): 829 - 840. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Puri, R. Watanabe, R. D. Singh, M. Dominguez, J. C. Brown, C. L. Wheatley, D. L. Marks, and R. E. Pagano Clathrin-dependent and -independent internalization of plasma membrane sphingolipids initiates two Golgi targeting pathways J. Cell Biol., August 6, 2001; 154(3): 535 - 548. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
