|
|
||||||||

Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136 USA;
FibroGen, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, USA; and
* Cleveland Clinic Florida, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida 33309, USA
2Correspondence: Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Miami School of Medicine (R-124), 1600 NW 10th Ave., Miami, FL 33136, USA. E-mail: ggrotend{at}mednet.med.miami.edu
Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is a cysteine-rich peptide synthesized and secreted by fibroblastic cells after activation with transforming growth factor beta (TGF-ß) that acts as a downstream mediator of TGF-ß-induced fibroblast proliferation. We performed in vitro and in vivo studies to determine whether CTGF is also essential for TGF-ß-induced fibroblast collagen synthesis. In vitro studies with normal rat kidney (NRK) fibroblasts demonstrated CTGF potently induces collagen synthesis and transfection with an antisense CTGF gene blocked TGF-ß stimulated collagen synthesis. Moreover, TGF-ß-induced collagen synthesis in both NRK and human foreskin fibroblasts was effectively blocked with specific anti-CTGF antibodies and by suppressing TGF-ß-induced CTGF gene expression by elevating intracellular cAMP levels with either membrane-permeable 8-Br-cAMP or an adenylyl cyclase activator, cholera toxin (CTX). cAMP also inhibited collagen synthesis induced by CTGF itself, in contrast to its previously reported lack of effect on CTGF-induced DNA synthesis. In animal assays, CTX injected intradermally in transgenic mice suppressed TGF-ß activation of a human CTGF promoter/lacZ reporter transgene. Both 8-Br-cAMP and CTX blocked TGF-ß-induced collagen deposition in a wound chamber model of fibrosis in rats. CTX also reduced dermal granulation tissue fibroblast population increases induced by TGF-ß in neonatal mice, but not increases induced by CTGF or TGF-ß combined with CTGF. Our data indicate that CTGF mediates TGF-ß-induced fibroblast collagen synthesis and that in vivo blockade of CTGF synthesis or action reduces TGF-ß-induced granulation tissue formation by inhibiting both collagen synthesis and fibroblast accumulation.Duncan, M. R., Frazier, K. S. Abramson, S., Williams, S., Klapper, H., Huang, X., Grotendorst, G. R. Connective tissue growth factor mediates transforming growth factor ß-induced collagen synthesis: down-regulation by cAMP.
Key Words: fibrosis wound repair granulation tissue cholera toxin transgenic
This article has been cited by other articles:
![]() |
Z. Yu, Q. Kong, and B. C. Kone CREB trans-activation of disruptor of telomeric silencing-1 mediates forskolin inhibition of CTGF transcription in mesangial cells Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, March 1, 2010; 298(3): F617 - F624. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
Y. Kanno, E. Kawashita, M. Minamida, A. Kaneiwa, K. Okada, S. Ueshima, O. Matsuo, and H. Matsuno {alpha}2-Antiplasmin Is Associated with the Progression of Fibrosis Am. J. Pathol., January 1, 2010; 176(1): 238 - 245. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
T. Adriaenssens, C. Mazoyer, I. Segers, S. Wathlet, and J. Smitz Differences in Collagen Expression in Cumulus Cells after Exposure to Highly Purified Menotropin or Recombinant Follicle-Stimulating Hormone in a Mouse Follicle Culture Model Biol Reprod, May 1, 2009; 80(5): 1015 - 1025. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Churg, S. Zhou, O. Preobrazhenska, H. Tai, R. Wang, and J. L. Wright Expression of Profibrotic Mediators in Small Airways versus Parenchyma after Cigarette Smoke Exposure Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., March 1, 2009; 40(3): 268 - 276. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
U. D. Akavia and D. Benayahu Meta-analysis and profiling of cardiac expression modules Physiol Genomics, November 12, 2008; 35(3): 305 - 315. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
T. Meyer-ter-Vehn, B. Katzenberger, H. Han, F. Grehn, and G. Schlunck Lovastatin Inhibits TGF-{beta}-Induced Myofibroblast Transdifferentiation in Human Tenon Fibroblasts Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., September 1, 2008; 49(9): 3955 - 3960. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
E. J. Kuiper, R. van Zijderveld, P. Roestenberg, K. M. Lyons, R. Goldschmeding, I. Klaassen, C. J.F. Van Noorden, and R. O. Schlingemann Connective Tissue Growth Factor Is Necessary for Retinal Capillary Basal Lamina Thickening in Diabetic Mice J. Histochem. Cytochem., August 1, 2008; 56(8): 785 - 792. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. Bonderman, J. Jakowitsch, B. Redwan, H. Bergmeister, M.-K. Renner, H. Panzenbock, C. Adlbrecht, A. Georgopoulos, W. Klepetko, M. Kneussl, et al. Role for Staphylococci in Misguided Thrombus Resolution of Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, April 1, 2008; 28(4): 678 - 684. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. L. Friedman Hepatic Stellate Cells: Protean, Multifunctional, and Enigmatic Cells of the Liver Physiol Rev, January 1, 2008; 88(1): 125 - 172. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
E. J. Kuiper, P. Roestenberg, C. Ehlken, V. Lambert, H. B. van Treslong-de Groot, K. M. Lyons, H.-J. T. Agostini, J.-M. Rakic, I. Klaassen, C. J.F. Van Noorden, et al. Angiogenesis Is Not Impaired in Connective Tissue Growth Factor (CTGF) Knock-out Mice J. Histochem. Cytochem., November 1, 2007; 55(11): 1139 - 1147. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
E. J. Kuiper, J. M. Hughes, R. J. Van Geest, I. M. C. Vogels, R. Goldschmeding, C. J. F. Van Noorden, R. O. Schlingemann, and I. Klaassen Effect of VEGF-A on Expression of Profibrotic Growth Factor and Extracellular Matrix Genes in the Retina Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., September 1, 2007; 48(9): 4267 - 4276. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K. M. Heinemeier, J. L. Olesen, F. Haddad, H. Langberg, M. Kjaer, K. M. Baldwin, and P. Schjerling Expression of collagen and related growth factors in rat tendon and skeletal muscle in response to specific contraction types J. Physiol., August 1, 2007; 582(3): 1303 - 1316. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. P. Baran, J. M. Opalek, S. McMaken, C. A. Newland, J. M. O'Brien Jr., M. G. Hunter, B. D. Bringardner, M. M. Monick, D. R. Brigstock, P. C. Stromberg, et al. Important Roles for Macrophage Colony-stimulating Factor, CC Chemokine Ligand 2, and Mononuclear Phagocytes in the Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Fibrosis Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., July 1, 2007; 176(1): 78 - 89. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L. A. Cooker, D. Peterson, J. Rambow, M. L. Riser, R. E. Riser, F. Najmabadi, D. Brigstock, and B. L. Riser TNF-{alpha}, but not IFN-{gamma}, regulates CCN2 (CTGF), collagen type I, and proliferation in mesangial cells: possible roles in the progression of renal fibrosis Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, July 1, 2007; 293(1): F157 - F165. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
T. Backlund, P. Lakkisto, E. Palojoki, T. Gronholm, A. Saraste, P. Finckenberg, E. Mervaala, I. Tikkanen, and M. Laine Activation of protective and damaging components of the cardiac renin-angiotensin system after myocardial infarction in experimental diabetes Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, June 1, 2007; 8(2): 66 - 73. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. A. Black Jr., A. H. Palamakumbura, M. Stan, and P. C. Trackman Tissue-specific Mechanisms for CCN2/CTGF Persistence in Fibrotic Gingiva: INTERACTIONS BETWEEN cAMP AND MAPK SIGNALING PATHWAYS, AND PROSTAGLANDIN E2-EP3 RECEPTOR MEDIATED ACTIVATION OF THE c-JUN N-TERMINAL KINASE J. Biol. Chem., May 25, 2007; 282(21): 15416 - 15429. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. Wu, J. Peng, M. R. Duncan, K. Kasisomayajula, G. Grotendorst, and E. Bancalari ALK-5 Mediates Endogenous and TGF-beta1-Induced Expression of Connective Tissue Growth Factor in Embryonic Lung Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., May 1, 2007; 36(5): 552 - 561. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Leask TGF{beta}, cardiac fibroblasts, and the fibrotic response Cardiovasc Res, May 1, 2007; 74(2): 207 - 212. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. R Harlow, A. C Bradshaw, M. T Rae, K. D Shearer, and S. G Hillier Oestrogen formation and connective tissue growth factor expression in rat granulosa cells J. Endocrinol., January 1, 2007; 192(1): 41 - 52. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
X. Liu, S. Q. Sun, A. Hassid, and R. S. Ostrom cAMP Inhibits Transforming Growth Factor-beta-Stimulated Collagen Synthesis via Inhibition of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1/2 and Smad Signaling in Cardiac Fibroblasts Mol. Pharmacol., December 1, 2006; 70(6): 1992 - 2003. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
E. J. Kuiper, M. D. de Smet, J. C. van Meurs, H. S. Tan, M. W. T. Tanck, N. Oliver, F. A. van Nieuwenhoven, R. Goldschmeding, and R. O. Schlingemann Association of Connective Tissue Growth Factor With Fibrosis in Vitreoretinal Disorders in the Human Eye Arch Ophthalmol, October 1, 2006; 124(10): 1457 - 1462. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. M. Kelly, R. Leigh, S. E. Gilpin, E. Cheng, G. E. M. Martin, K. Radford, G. Cox, and J. Gauldie Cell-specific Gene Expression in Patients with Usual Interstitial Pneumonia Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., September 1, 2006; 174(5): 557 - 565. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
T. Meyer-ter-Vehn, S. Gebhardt, W. Sebald, M. Buttmann, F. Grehn, G. Schlunck, and P. Knaus p38 Inhibitors Prevent TGF-{beta}-Induced Myofibroblast Transdifferentiation in Human Tenon Fibroblasts. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., April 1, 2006; 47(4): 1500 - 1509. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Sohn, Y. Tan, B. Wang, R. L. Klein, M. Trojanowska, and A. A. Jaffa Mechanisms of low-density lipoprotein-induced expression of connective tissue growth factor in human aortic endothelial cells Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, April 1, 2006; 290(4): H1624 - H1634. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
W. Qi, X. Chen, T. S. Polhill, S. Sumual, S. Twigg, R. E. Gilbert, and C. A. Pollock TGF-beta1 induces IL-8 and MCP-1 through a connective tissue growth factor-independent pathway Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, March 1, 2006; 290(3): F703 - F709. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. Boxall, S. T. Holgate, and D. E. Davies The contribution of transforming growth factor-{beta} and epidermal growth factor signalling to airway remodelling in chronic asthma Eur. Respir. J., January 1, 2006; 27(1): 208 - 229. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P. R. A. Johnson, J. K. Burgess, Q. Ge, M. Poniris, S. Boustany, S. M. Twigg, and J. L. Black Connective Tissue Growth Factor Induces Extracellular Matrix in Asthmatic Airway Smooth Muscle Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., January 1, 2006; 173(1): 32 - 41. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
X. Liu, S. Q. Sun, and R. S. Ostrom Fibrotic Lung Fibroblasts Show Blunted Inhibition by cAMP Due to Deficient cAMP Response Element-Binding Protein Phosphorylation J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., November 1, 2005; 315(2): 678 - 687. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
F. Yang, J. A. Tuxhorn, S. J. Ressler, S. J. McAlhany, T. D. Dang, and D. R. Rowley Stromal Expression of Connective Tissue Growth Factor Promotes Angiogenesis and Prostate Cancer Tumorigenesis Cancer Res., October 1, 2005; 65(19): 8887 - 8895. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
W. C. Duncan, S. G. Hillier, E. Gay, J. Bell, and H. M. Fraser Connective Tissue Growth Factor Expression in the Human Corpus Luteum: Paracrine Regulation by Human Chorionic Gonadotropin J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., September 1, 2005; 90(9): 5366 - 5376. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S.-L. Lin, R.-H. Chen, Y.-M. Chen, W.-C. Chiang, C.-F. Lai, K.-D. Wu, and T.-J. Tsai Pentoxifylline Attenuates Tubulointerstitial Fibrosis by Blocking Smad3/4-Activated Transcription and Profibrogenic Effects of Connective Tissue Growth Factor J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., September 1, 2005; 16(9): 2702 - 2713. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. Rodriguez-Vita, E. Sanchez-Lopez, V. Esteban, M. Ruperez, J. Egido, and M. Ruiz-Ortega Angiotensin II Activates the Smad Pathway in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells by a Transforming Growth Factor-{beta}-Independent Mechanism Circulation, May 17, 2005; 111(19): 2509 - 2517. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
G. R. Grotendorst and M. R. Duncan Individual domains of connective tissue growth factor regulate fibroblast proliferation and myofibroblast differentiation FASEB J, May 1, 2005; 19(7): 729 - 738. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
Y. Tan, B. Wang, J.-S. Keum, and A. A. Jaffa Mechanisms through which bradykinin promotes glomerular injury in diabetes Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, March 1, 2005; 288(3): F483 - F492. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. Xie, M. B. Sukkar, R. Issa, U. Oltmanns, A. G. Nicholson, and K. F. Chung Regulation of TGF-{beta}1-induced connective tissue growth factor expression in airway smooth muscle cells Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, January 1, 2005; 288(1): L68 - L76. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Yamanaka, D. Shegogue, H. Pei, S. Bu, A. Bielawska, J. Bielawski, B. Pettus, Y. A. Hannun, L. Obeid, and M. Trojanowska Sphingosine Kinase 1 (SPHK1) Is Induced by Transforming Growth Factor-{beta} and Mediates TIMP-1 Up-regulation J. Biol. Chem., December 24, 2004; 279(52): 53994 - 54001. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. W. Esson, M. P. Popp, L. Liu, G. S. Schultz, and M. B. Sherwood Microarray Analysis of the Failure of Filtering Blebs in a Rat Model of Glaucoma Filtering Surgery Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., December 1, 2004; 45(12): 4450 - 4462. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K. L. Watts and M. A. Spiteri Connective tissue growth factor expression and induction by transforming growth factor-{beta} is abrogated by simvastatin via a Rho signaling mechanism Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, December 1, 2004; 287(6): L1323 - L1332. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. F. Higgins, M. P. Biju, Y. Akai, A. Wutz, R. S. Johnson, and V. H. Haase Hypoxic induction of Ctgf is directly mediated by Hif-1 Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, December 1, 2004; 287(6): F1223 - F1232. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. UNNIKRISHNAN and B. A. BURLEIGH Inhibition of host connective tissue growth factor expression: a novel Trypanosoma cruzi-mediated response FASEB J, November 1, 2004; 18(14): 1625 - 1635. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
F. K. Askari, R. Dick, M. Mao, and G. J. Brewer Tetrathiomolybdate Therapy Protects Against Concanavalin A and Carbon Tetrachloride Hepatic Damage in Mice Exp Biol Med, September 1, 2004; 229(8): 857 - 863. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
E J Kuiper, A N Witmer, I Klaassen, N Oliver, R Goldschmeding, and R O Schlingemann Differential expression of connective tissue growth factor in microglia and pericytes in the human diabetic retina Br J Ophthalmol, August 1, 2004; 88(8): 1082 - 1087. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
H. Yokoi, M. Mukoyama, T. Nagae, K. Mori, T. Suganami, K. Sawai, T. Yoshioka, M. Koshikawa, T. Nishida, M. Takigawa, et al. Reduction in Connective Tissue Growth Factor by Antisense Treatment Ameliorates Renal Tubulointerstitial Fibrosis J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., June 1, 2004; 15(6): 1430 - 1440. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. Shegogue and M. Trojanowska Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Positively Regulates Collagen Type I Production via a Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase-independent Pathway J. Biol. Chem., May 28, 2004; 279(22): 23166 - 23175. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P. C. Trackman and A. Kantarci CONNECTIVE TISSUE METABOLISM AND GINGIVAL OVERGROWTH Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine, May 1, 2004; 15(3): 165 - 175. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. LEASK and D. J. ABRAHAM TGF-{beta} signaling and the fibrotic response FASEB J, May 1, 2004; 18(7): 816 - 827. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
Q. Garrett, P. T. Khaw, T. D. Blalock, G. S. Schultz, G. R. Grotendorst, and J. T. Daniels Involvement of CTGF in TGF-{beta}1-Stimulation of Myofibroblast Differentiation and Collagen Matrix Contraction in the Presence of Mechanical Stress Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., April 1, 2004; 45(4): 1109 - 1116. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. KJAeR Role of Extracellular Matrix in Adaptation of Tendon and Skeletal Muscle to Mechanical Loading Physiol Rev, April 1, 2004; 84(2): 649 - 698. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
G. R. GROTENDORST, H. RAHMANIE, and M. R. DUNCAN Combinatorial signaling pathways determine fibroblast proliferation and myofibroblast differentiation FASEB J, March 1, 2004; 18(3): 469 - 479. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Bohm, M. Raghunath, C. Sunderkotter, M. Schiller, S. Stander, T. Brzoska, T. Cauvet, H. B. Schioth, T. Schwarz, and T. A. Luger Collagen Metabolism Is a Novel Target of the Neuropeptide {alpha}-Melanocyte-stimulating Hormone J. Biol. Chem., February 20, 2004; 279(8): 6959 - 6966. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. W. Esson, A. Neelakantan, S. A. Iyer, T. D. Blalock, L. Balasubramanian, G. R. Grotendorst, G. S. Schultz, and M. B. Sherwood Expression of Connective Tissue Growth Factor after Glaucoma Filtration Surgery in a Rabbit Model Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., February 1, 2004; 45(2): 485 - 491. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. Yamashita, A. Maeshima, I. Kojima, and Y. Nojima Activin A Is a Potent Activator of Renal Interstitial Fibroblasts J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., January 1, 2004; 15(1): 91 - 101. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
E. Ogawa, W. M. Elliott, F. Hughes, T. J. Eichholtz, J. C. Hogg, and S. Hayashi Latent adenoviral infection induces production of growth factors relevant to airway remodeling in COPD Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, January 1, 2004; 286(1): L189 - L197. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K. Heinemeier, H. Langberg, J. L. Olesen, and M. Kjaer Role of TGF-{beta}1 in relation to exercise-induced type I collagen synthesis in human tendinous tissue J Appl Physiol, December 1, 2003; 95(6): 2390 - 2397. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
S. Lam, R. N. van der Geest, N. A.M. Verhagen, F. A. van Nieuwenhoven, I. E. Blom, J. Aten, R. Goldschmeding, M. R. Daha, and C. van Kooten Connective Tissue Growth Factor and IGF-I Are Produced by Human Renal Fibroblasts and Cooperate in the Induction of Collagen Production by High Glucose Diabetes, December 1, 2003; 52(12): 2975 - 2983. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. T. Daniels, G. S. Schultz, T. D. Blalock, Q. Garrett, G. R. Grotendorst, N. M. Dean, and P. T. Khaw Mediation of Transforming Growth Factor-{beta}1-Stimulated Matrix Contraction by Fibroblasts: A Role for Connective Tissue Growth Factor in Contractile Scarring Am. J. Pathol., November 1, 2003; 163(5): 2043 - 2052. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Holmes, D. J. Abraham, Y. Chen, C. Denton, X. Shi-wen, C. M. Black, and A. Leask Constitutive Connective Tissue Growth Factor Expression in Scleroderma Fibroblasts Is Dependent on Sp1 J. Biol. Chem., October 24, 2003; 278(43): 41728 - 41733. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P. Bonniaud, P. J. Margetts, M. Kolb, T. Haberberger, M. Kelly, J. Robertson, and J. Gauldie Adenoviral Gene Transfer of Connective Tissue Growth Factor in the Lung Induces Transient Fibrosis Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., October 1, 2003; 168(7): 770 - 778. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A Ivarsen, T Laurberg, and T Moller-Pedersen Characterisation of corneal fibrotic wound repair at the LASIK flap margin Br J Ophthalmol, October 1, 2003; 87(10): 1272 - 1278. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Ruperez, O. Lorenzo, L. M. Blanco-Colio, V. Esteban, J. Egido, and M. Ruiz-Ortega Connective Tissue Growth Factor Is a Mediator of Angiotensin II-Induced Fibrosis Circulation, September 23, 2003; 108(12): 1499 - 1505. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
T. D. Blalock, M. R. Duncan, J. C. Varela, M. H. Goldstein, S. S. Tuli, G. R. Grotendorst, and G. S. Schultz Connective Tissue Growth Factor Expression and Action in Human Corneal Fibroblast Cultures and Rat Corneas after Photorefractive Keratectomy Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., May 1, 2003; 44(5): 1879 - 1887. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. M. Mason and N. A. Wahab Extracellular Matrix Metabolism in Diabetic Nephropathy J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., May 1, 2003; 14(5): 1358 - 1373. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K.-Y. Hung, J.-W. Huang, C.-T. Chen, P.-H. Lee, and T.-J. Tsai Pentoxifylline modulates intracellular signalling of TGF-{beta} in cultured human peritoneal mesothelial cells: implications for prevention of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., April 1, 2003; 18(4): 670 - 676. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L. L. Soon, T.-A. Yie, A. Shvarts, A. J. Levine, F. Su, and K.-M. Tchou-Wong Overexpression of WISP-1 Down-regulated Motility and Invasion of Lung Cancer Cells through Inhibition of Rac Activation J. Biol. Chem., March 21, 2003; 278(13): 11465 - 11470. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. R. Harlow, M. Rae, L. Davidson, P. C. Trackman, and S. G. Hillier Lysyl Oxidase Gene Expression and Enzyme Activity in the Rat Ovary: Regulation by Follicle-Stimulating Hormone, Androgen, and Transforming Growth Factor-{beta} Superfamily Members in Vitro Endocrinology, January 1, 2003; 144(1): 154 - 162. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. K. Burgess, P. R. A. Johnson, Q. Ge, W. W. Au, M. H. Poniris, B. E. McParland, G. King, M. Roth, and J. L. Black Expression of Connective Tissue Growth Factor in Asthmatic Airway Smooth Muscle Cells Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., January 1, 2003; 167(1): 71 - 77. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. Li, P. Lothar Schwimmbeck, C. Tschope, S. Leschka, L. Husmann, S. Rutschow, F. Reichenbach, M. Noutsias, U. Kobalz, W. Poller, et al. Collagen degradation in a murine myocarditis model: relevance of matrix metalloproteinase in association with inflammatory induction Cardiovasc Res, November 1, 2002; 56(2): 235 - 247. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
E. Gore-Hyer, D. Shegogue, M. Markiewicz, S. Lo, D. Hazen-Martin, E. L. Greene, G. Grotendorst, and M. Trojanowska TGF-beta and CTGF have overlapping and distinct fibrogenic effects on human renal cells Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, October 1, 2002; 283(4): F707 - F716. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. R. Harlow, L. Davidson, K. H. Burns, C. Yan, M. M. Matzuk, and S. G. Hillier FSH and TGF-{beta} Superfamily Members Regulate Granulosa Cell Connective Tissue Growth Factor Gene Expression in Vitro and in Vivo Endocrinology, September 1, 2002; 143(9): 3316 - 3325. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. G. Crystal, P. B. Bitterman, B. Mossman, M. I. Schwarz, D. Sheppard, L. Almasy, H. A. Chapman, S. L. Friedman, T. E. King Jr., L. A. Leinwand, et al. Future Research Directions in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Summary of a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Working Group Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., July 15, 2002; 166(2): 236 - 246. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
H. Matsuoka, T. Arai, M. Mori, S. Goya, H. Kida, H. Morishita, H. Fujiwara, I. Tachibana, T. Osaki, and S. Hayashi A p38 MAPK inhibitor, FR-167653, ameliorates murine bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, July 1, 2002; 283(1): L103 - L112. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
Q H Song, V E Klepeis, M A Nugent, and V Trinkaus-Randall TGF-{beta}1 regulates TGF-{beta}1 and FGF-2 mRNA expression during fibroblast wound healing Mol. Pathol., June 1, 2002; 55(3): 164 - 176. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
E E-D A Moussad, M A E Rageh, A K Wilson, R D Geisert, and D R Brigstock Temporal and spatial expression of connective tissue growth factor (CCN2; CTGF) and transforming growth factor {beta} type 1 (TGF-{beta}1) at the utero-placental interface during early pregnancy in the pig Mol. Pathol., June 1, 2002; 55(3): 186 - 192. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
H. Yokoi, M. Mukoyama, A. Sugawara, K. Mori, T. Nagae, H. Makino, T. Suganami, K. Yahata, Y. Fujinaga, I. Tanaka, et al. Role of connective tissue growth factor in fibronectin expression and tubulointerstitial fibrosis Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, May 1, 2002; 282(5): F933 - F942. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. M. Twigg, A. H. Joly, M. M. Chen, J. Tsubaki, H.-S. Kim, V. Hwa, Y. Oh, and R. G. Rosenfeld Connective Tissue Growth Factor/IGF-Binding Protein-Related Protein-2 Is a Mediator in the Induction of Fibronectin by Advanced Glycosylation End-Products in Human Dermal Fibroblasts Endocrinology, April 1, 2002; 143(4): 1260 - 1269. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. Liu, V.-M. Kosma, T. Vanttinen, C. Hyden-Granskog, and R. Voutilainen Gonadotrophins inhibit the expression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-related protein-2 mRNA in cultured human granulosa-luteal cells Mol. Hum. Reprod., February 1, 2002; 8(2): 136 - 141. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. M. Davidson Smad about Elastin Regulation Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., February 1, 2002; 26(2): 164 - 166. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C Raetsch, J D Jia, G Boigk, M Bauer, E G Hahn, E-O Riecken, and D Schuppan Pentoxifylline downregulates profibrogenic cytokines and procollagen I expression in rat secondary biliary fibrosis Gut, February 1, 2002; 50(2): 241 - 247. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. M. Mason, H.-P. Xu, S. K. Rao, A. Leask, M. Barcia, J. Shan, R. Stephenson, and S. Tabibzadeh Lefty Contributes to the Remodeling of Extracellular Matrix by Inhibition of Connective Tissue Growth Factor and Collagen mRNA Expression and Increased Proteolytic Activity in a Fibrosarcoma Model J. Biol. Chem., January 4, 2002; 277(1): 407 - 415. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
C.-C. Chen, F.-E Mo, and L. F. Lau The Angiogenic Factor Cyr61 Activates a Genetic Program for Wound Healing in Human Skin Fibroblasts J. Biol. Chem., December 7, 2001; 276(50): 47329 - 47337. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P. A. Folger, D. Zekaria, G. Grotendorst, and S. K. Masur Transforming Growth Factor-{beta}-Stimulated Connective Tissue Growth Factor Expression during Corneal Myofibroblast Differentiation Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., October 1, 2001; 42(11): 2534 - 2541. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. HEUSINGER-RIBEIRO, M. EBERLEIN, N. A. WAHAB, and M. GOPPELT-STRUEBE Expression of Connective Tissue Growth Factor in Human Renal Fibroblasts: Regulatory Roles of RhoA and cAMP J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., September 1, 2001; 12(9): 1853 - 1861. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
I. E. Blom, A. J. van Dijk, L. Wieten, K. Duran, Y. Ito, L. Kleij, M. deNichilo, T. J. Rabelink, J. J. Weening, J. Aten, et al. In vitro evidence for differential involvement of CTGF, TGF{beta}, and PDGF-BB in mesangial response to injury Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., June 1, 2001; 16(6): 1139 - 1148. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A Leask, S Sa, A Holmes, X Shiwen, C M Black, and D J Abraham The control of ccn2 (ctgf) gene expression in normal and scleroderma fibroblasts Mol. Pathol., June 1, 2001; 54(3): 180 - 183. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
S. M. Twigg, M. M. Chen, A. H. Joly, S. D. Chakrapani, J. Tsubaki, H.-S. Kim, Y. Oh, and R. G. Rosenfeld Advanced Glycosylation End Products Up-Regulate Connective Tissue Growth Factor (Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Binding Protein-Related Protein 2) in Human Fibroblasts: A Potential Mechanism for Expansion of Extracellular Matrix in Diabetes Mellitus Endocrinology, May 1, 2001; 142(5): 1760 - 1769. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
D. G. Peters, A. B. Kassam, E. Feingold, E. Heidrich-O'Hare, H. Yonas, R. E. Ferrell, and A. Brufsky Molecular Anatomy of an Intracranial Aneurysm : Coordinated Expression of Genes Involved in Wound Healing and Tissue Remodeling Stroke, April 1, 2001; 32(4): 1036 - 1042. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
N. Sedlaczek, J.-D. Jia, M. Bauer, H. Herbst, M. Ruehl, E. G. Hahn, and D. Schuppan Proliferating Bile Duct Epithelial Cells Are a Major Source of Connective Tissue Growth Factor in Rat Biliary Fibrosis Am. J. Pathol., April 1, 2001; 158(4): 1239 - 1244. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. B. Slee, S. G. Hillier, P. Largue, C. R. Harlow, G. Miele, and M. Clinton Differentiation-Dependent Expression of Connective Tissue Growth Factor and Lysyl Oxidase Messenger Ribonucleic Acids in Rat Granulosa Cells Endocrinology, March 1, 2001; 142(3): 1082 - 1089. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
Y. ITO, R. GOLDSCHMEDING, R. J. BENDE, N. CLAESSEN, M. A. CHAND, L. KLEIJ, T. J. RABELINK, J. J. WEENING, and J. ATEN Kinetics of Connective Tissue Growth Factor Expression during Experimental Proliferative Glomerulonephritis J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., March 1, 2001; 12(3): 472 - 484. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
G. R. Grotendorst, L. F. Lau, and B. Perbal CCN Proteins Are Distinct from, and Should Not Be Considered Members of, the Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Binding Protein Superfamily J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., February 1, 2001; 86(2): 944 - 945. [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
M. Lohr, C. Schmidt, J. Ringel, M. Kluth, P. Muller, H. Nizze, and R. Jesnowski Transforming Growth Factor-{beta}1 Induces Desmoplasia in an Experimental Model of Human Pancreatic Carcinoma Cancer Res., January 1, 2001; 61(2): 550 - 555. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
P. D. Ellis, Q. Chen, P. J. Barker, J. C. Metcalfe, and P. R. Kemp Nov Gene Encodes Adhesion Factor for Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Is Dynamically Regulated in Response to Vascular Injury Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, August 1, 2000; 20(8): 1912 - 1919. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K. S. Frazier, A. Paredes, P. Dube, and E. Styer Connective Tissue Growth Factor Expression in the Rat Remnant Kidney Model and Association with Tubular Epithelial Cells Undergoing Transdifferentiation Veterinary Pathology, July 1, 2000; 37(4): 328 - 335. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
G. R. Grotendorst, L. F. Lau, and B. Perbal CCN Proteins Are Distinct from and Should Not Be Considered Members of the Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Binding Protein Superfamily Endocrinology, June 1, 2000; 141(6): 2254 - 2256. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Hahn, J. Heusinger-Ribeiro, T. Lanz, S. Zenkel, and M. Goppelt-Struebe Induction of Connective Tissue Growth Factor by Activation of Heptahelical Receptors. MODULATION BY Rho PROTEINS AND THE ACTIN CYTOSKELETON J. Biol. Chem., November 22, 2000; 275(48): 37429 - 37435. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. C. Chambers, P. Leoni, O. P. Blanc-Brude, D. E. Wembridge, and G. J. Laurent Thrombin Is a Potent Inducer of Connective Tissue Growth Factor Production via Proteolytic Activation of Protease-activated Receptor-1 J. Biol. Chem., November 3, 2000; 275(45): 35584 - 35591. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C.-C. Chen, N. Chen, and L. F. Lau The Angiogenic Factors Cyr61 and Connective Tissue Growth Factor Induce Adhesive Signaling in Primary Human Skin Fibroblasts J. Biol. Chem., March 23, 2001; 276(13): 10443 - 10452. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Holmes, D. J. Abraham, S. Sa, X. Shiwen, C. M. Black, and A. Leask CTGF and SMADs, Maintenance of Scleroderma Phenotype Is Independent of SMAD Signaling J. Biol. Chem., March 30, 2001; 276(14): 10594 - 10601. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L. Ulloa and S. Tabibzadeh Lefty Inhibits Receptor-regulated Smad Phosphorylation Induced by the Activated Transforming Growth Factor-beta Receptor J. Biol. Chem., June 8, 2001; 276(24): 21397 - 21404. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. C. FRANCIS, M. K. RAIZADA, A. A. MANGI, L. G. MELO, V. J. DZAU, P. R. VALE, J. M. ISNER, D. W. LOSORDO, J. CHAO, M. J. KATOVICH, et al. Genetic targeting for cardiovascular therapeutics: are we near the summit or just beginning the climb? Physiol Genomics, December 21, 2001; 7(2): 79 - 94. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |