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Is NF-B the sensor of oxidative stress?

Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0636, USA

¹Correspondence: Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093-0636, USA. E-mail: karinoffice{at}ucsd.edu

NF-B is a dimeric transcription factor that is involved in the regulation of a large number of genes that control various aspects of the immune and inflammatory response. It is activated by a variety of stimuli ranging from cytokines, to various forms of radiation, to oxidative stress (such as exposure to H₂O₂). Recent studies have advanced our understanding of the signal transduction pathway leading to NF-B activation by cytokines and will provide insights for the mechanism by which NF-B is regulated by oxidative stress. An important question that is yet to be answered is whether reactive oxygen species play a physiological role in NF-B activation.—Li, N., Karin, M. Is NF-B the sensor of oxidative stress?

Key Words: IB degradation • IKK • reactive oxygen species • tumor necrosis factor • GSH

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				G. Gong, G. Waris, R. Tanveer, and A. Siddiqui Human hepatitis C virus NS5A protein alters intracellular calcium levels, induces oxidative stress, and activates STAT-3 and NF-kappa B PNAS, July 24, 2001; (2001) 171311298. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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				M. Yoshida, T. R. Korfhagen, and J. A. Whitsett Surfactant Protein D Regulates NF-{{kappa}}B and Matrix Metalloproteinase Production in Alveolar Macrophages via Oxidant-Sensitive Pathways J. Immunol., June 15, 2001; 166(12): 7514 - 7519. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. Jaspers, W. Zhang, A. Fraser, J. M. Samet, and W. Reed Hydrogen Peroxide Has Opposing Effects on IKK Activity and Ikappa Balpha Breakdown in Airway Epithelial Cells Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., June 1, 2001; 24(6): 769 - 777. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C.-H. Yeh, L. Sturgis, J. Haidacher, X.-N. Zhang, S. J. Sherwood, R. J. Bjercke, O. Juhasz, M. T. Crow, R. G. Tilton, and L. Denner Requirement for p38 and p44/p42 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases in RAGE-Mediated Nuclear Factor-{kappa}B Transcriptional Activation and Cytokine Secretion Diabetes, June 1, 2001; 50(6): 1495 - 1504. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				M. D. Wheeler, S. Yamashina, M. Froh, I. Rusyn, and R. G. Thurman Adenoviral gene delivery can inactivate Kupffer cells: role of oxidants in NF-{kappa}B activation and cytokine production J. Leukoc. Biol., April 1, 2001; 69(4): 622 - 630. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				I. Kosmidou, A. Xagorari, C. Roussos, and A. Papapetropoulos Reactive oxygen species stimulate VEGF production from C2C12 skeletal myotubes through a PI3K/Akt pathway Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, April 1, 2001; 280(4): L585 - L592. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T.-S. Lee and L.-Y. Chau Fas/Fas ligand-mediated death pathway is involved in oxLDL-induced apoptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, March 1, 2001; 280(3): C709 - C718. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P.a. Aukrust, R. K. Berge, T. Ueland, E. Aaser, J. K. Damas, L. Wikeby, A. Brunsvig, F. Muller, K. Forfang, S. S. Froland, et al. Interaction between chemokines and oxidative stress: possible pathogenic role in acute coronary syndromes J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., February 1, 2001; 37(2): 485 - 491. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. Abraham, J. Arcaroli, and R. Shenkar Activation of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinases, NF-{{kappa}}B, and Cyclic Adenosine 5'-Monophosphate Response Element-Binding Protein in Lung Neutrophils Occurs by Differing Mechanisms After Hemorrhage or Endotoxemia J. Immunol., January 1, 2001; 166(1): 522 - 530. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. I. Oteiza, M. S. Clegg, and C. L. Keen Short-Term Zinc Deficiency Affects Nuclear Factor-{{kappa}}B Nuclear Binding Activity in Rat Testes J. Nutr., January 1, 2001; 131(1): 21 - 26. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				M. L. Orozco-Cárdenas, J. Narváez-Vásquez, and C. A. Ryan Hydrogen Peroxide Acts as a Second Messenger for the Induction of Defense Genes in Tomato Plants in Response to Wounding, Systemin, and Methyl Jasmonate PLANT CELL, January 1, 2001; 13(1): 179 - 191. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				A. G. Bowie and L. A. J. O'Neill Vitamin C Inhibits NF-{kappa}B Activation by TNF Via the Activation of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase J. Immunol., December 15, 2000; 165(12): 7180 - 7188. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				V. J. Thannickal and B. L. Fanburg Reactive oxygen species in cell signaling Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, December 1, 2000; 279(6): L1005 - L1028. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Hortelano, A. Castrillo, A. M. Alvarez, and L. Bosca Contribution of Cyclopentenone Prostaglandins to the Resolution of Inflammation Through the Potentiation of Apoptosis in Activated Macrophages J. Immunol., December 1, 2000; 165(11): 6525 - 6531. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. K. Manna, A. Mukhopadhyay, and B. B. Aggarwal Leflunomide Suppresses TNF-Induced Cellular Responses: Effects on NF-{kappa}B, Activator Protein-1, c-Jun N-Terminal Protein Kinase, and Apoptosis J. Immunol., November 15, 2000; 165(10): 5962 - 5969. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Khajuria and D. S. Houston Induction of monocyte tissue factor expression by homocysteine: a possible mechanism for thrombosis Blood, August 1, 2000; 96(3): 966 - 972. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. S. Chandel, W. C. Trzyna, D. S. McClintock, and P. T. Schumacker Role of Oxidants in NF-{kappa}B Activation and TNF-{alpha} Gene Transcription Induced by Hypoxia and Endotoxin J. Immunol., July 15, 2000; 165(2): 1013 - 1021. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Holmes-McNary and A. S. Baldwin Jr. Chemopreventive Properties of trans-Resveratrol Are Associated with Inhibition of Activation of the I{{kappa}}B Kinase Cancer Res., July 1, 2000; 60(13): 3477 - 3483. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				S. K. Manna, N. K. Sah, R. A. Newman, A. Cisneros, and B. B. Aggarwal Oleandrin Suppresses Activation of Nuclear Transcription Factor-{{kappa}}B, Activator Protein-1, and c-Jun NH2-Terminal Kinase Cancer Res., July 1, 2000; 60(14): 3838 - 3847. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				S. K. Manna, A. Mukhopadhyay, and B. B. Aggarwal Resveratrol Suppresses TNF-Induced Activation of Nuclear Transcription Factors NF-{kappa}B, Activator Protein-1, and Apoptosis: Potential Role of Reactive Oxygen Intermediates and Lipid Peroxidation J. Immunol., June 15, 2000; 164(12): 6509 - 6519. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]