FASEB J. Pierce now sold as Thermo Scientific
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced]


     

This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow reprints & permissions
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Frillingos, S.
Right arrow Articles by Kaback, H. R.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Frillingos, S.
Right arrow Articles by Kaback, H. R.
(The FASEB Journal. 1998;12:1281-1299.)
© 1998 FASEB

REVIEW

Cys-scanning mutagenesis: a novel approach to structure–function relationships in polytopic membrane proteins

Stathis Frillingos1,a, Miklós Sahin-tótha, Jianhua Wua, and H. Ronald Kabacka,1

a Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Departments of Physiology and Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90024–1570

The entire lactose permease of Escherichia coli, a polytopic membrane transport protein that catalyzes ß-galactoside/H+ symport, has been subjected to Cys-scanning mutagenesis in order to determine which residues play an obligatory role in the mechanism and to create a library of mutants with a single-Cys residue at each position of the molecule for structure/function studies. Analysis of the mutants has led to the following: 1) only six amino acid side chains play an irreplaceable role in the transport mechanism; 2) positions where the reactivity of the Cys replacement is increased upon ligand binding are identified; 3) positions where the reactivity of the Cys replacement is decreased by ligand binding are identified; 4) helix packing, helix tilt, and ligand-induced conformational changes are determined by using the library of mutants in conjunction with a battery of site-directed techniques; 5) the permease is a highly flexible molecule; and 6) a working model that explains coupling between ß-galactoside and H+ translocation.—Frillingos, S., Sahin-Tóth, M., Wu, J., Kabac, H. R. Cys-scanning mutagenesis: a novel approach to structure-function relationships in polytopic membrane proteins. FASEB J. 12, 1281–1299 (1998)


Key Words: active transport • bioenergetics • membrane protein structure • site-directed mutagenesis • ligand binding • conformational change




This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
K. Papakostas, E. Georgopoulou, and S. Frillingos
Cysteine-scanning Analysis of Putative Helix XII in the YgfO Xanthine Permease: ILE-432 AND ASN-430 ARE IMPORTANT
J. Biol. Chem., May 16, 2008; 283(20): 13666 - 13678.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
D. S. Majumdar, I. Smirnova, V. Kasho, E. Nir, X. Kong, S. Weiss, and H. R. Kaback
Single-molecule Chemistry and Biology Special Feature: Single-molecule FRET reveals sugar-induced conformational dynamics in LacY
PNAS, July 31, 2007; 104(31): 12640 - 12645.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
H. R. Kaback, R. Dunten, S. Frillingos, P. Venkatesan, I. Kwaw, W. Zhang, and N. Ermolova
Site-directed alkylation and the alternating access model for LacY
PNAS, January 9, 2007; 104(2): 491 - 494.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
P. Karatza, P. Panos, E. Georgopoulou, and S. Frillingos
Cysteine-scanning Analysis of the Nucleobase-Ascorbate Transporter Signature Motif in YgfO Permease of Escherichia coli: Gln-324 AND Asn-325 ARE ESSENTIAL, AND Ile-329-Val-339 FORM AN {alpha}-HELIX
J. Biol. Chem., December 29, 2006; 281(52): 39881 - 39890.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
Y.-W. Zhang and G. Rudnick
The Cytoplasmic Substrate Permeation Pathway of Serotonin Transporter
J. Biol. Chem., November 24, 2006; 281(47): 36213 - 36220.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
Z. Hou, J. Ye, C. L. Haska, and L. H. Matherly
Transmembrane Domains 4, 5, 7, 8, and 10 of the Human Reduced Folate Carrier Are Important Structural or Functional Components of the Transmembrane Channel for Folate Substrates
J. Biol. Chem., November 3, 2006; 281(44): 33588 - 33596.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Pharmacol.Home page
N. Hussainzada, A. Banerjee, and P. W. Swaan
Transmembrane Domain VII of the Human Apical Sodium-Dependent Bile Acid Transporter ASBT (SLC10A2) Lines the Substrate Translocation Pathway
Mol. Pharmacol., November 1, 2006; 70(5): 1565 - 1574.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Bacteriol.Home page
Y. Takatsuka and H. Nikaido
Threonine-978 in the Transmembrane Segment of the Multidrug Efflux Pump AcrB of Escherichia coli Is Crucial for Drug Transport as a Probable Component of the Proton Relay Network.
J. Bacteriol., October 1, 2006; 188(20): 7284 - 7289.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
R. Valdes, W. Liu, B. Ullman, and S. M. Landfear
Comprehensive Examination of Charged Intramembrane Residues in a Nucleoside Transporter
J. Biol. Chem., August 11, 2006; 281(32): 22647 - 22655.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Protein Sci.Home page
A. L. Lomize, I. D. Pogozheva, M. A. Lomize, and H. I. Mosberg
Positioning of proteins in membranes: A computational approach.
Protein Sci., June 1, 2006; 15(6): 1318 - 1333.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Physiol.Home page
T. W. Loo and D. M. Clarke
Using a cysteine-less mutant to provide insight into the structure and mechanism of CFTR
J. Physiol., April 15, 2006; 572(2): 312 - 312.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 BioinformaticsHome page
M. A. Lomize, A. L. Lomize, I. D. Pogozheva, and H. I. Mosberg
OPM: Orientations of Proteins in Membranes database
Bioinformatics, March 1, 2006; 22(5): 623 - 625.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
Z. Xu, B. A. O'Rourke, R. A. Skurray, and M. H. Brown
Role of Transmembrane Segment 10 in Efflux Mediated by the Staphylococcal Multidrug Transport Protein QacA
J. Biol. Chem., January 13, 2006; 281(2): 792 - 799.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
Z. Hou, S. E. Stapels, C. L. Haska, and L. H. Matherly
Localization of a Substrate Binding Domain of the Human Reduced Folate Carrier to Transmembrane Domain 11 by Radioaffinity Labeling and Cysteine-substituted Accessibility Methods
J. Biol. Chem., October 28, 2005; 280(43): 36206 - 36213.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
X. Bao, Y. Chen, S. H. Lee, S. C. Lee, L. Reuss, and G. A. Altenberg
Membrane Transport Proteins with Complete Replacement of Transmembrane Helices with Polyalanine Sequences Remain Functional
J. Biol. Chem., March 11, 2005; 280(10): 8647 - 8650.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 GeneticsHome page
J. R. Kinghorn, J. Sloan, G. J. M. Kana'n, E. R. DaSilva, D. A. Rouch, and S. E. Unkles
Missense Mutations That Inactivate the Aspergillus nidulans nrtA Gene Encoding a High-Affinity Nitrate Transporter
Genetics, March 1, 2005; 169(3): 1369 - 1377.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
S. E. Unkles, D. A. Rouch, Y. Wang, M. Y. Siddiqi, A. D. M. Glass, and J. R. Kinghorn
Two perfectly conserved arginine residues are required for substrate binding in a high-affinity nitrate transporter
PNAS, December 14, 2004; 101(50): 17549 - 17554.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
A. Weinglass, J. P. Whitelegge, K. F. Faull, and H. R. Kaback
Monitoring Conformational Rearrangements in the Substrate-binding Site of a Membrane Transport Protein by Mass Spectrometry
J. Biol. Chem., October 1, 2004; 279(40): 41858 - 41865.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
N. Kuwabara, H. Inoue, Y. Tsuboi, N. Nakamura, and H. Kanazawa
The Fourth Transmembrane Domain of the Helicobacter pylori Na+/H+ Antiporter NhaA Faces a Water-filled Channel Required for Ion Transport
J. Biol. Chem., September 24, 2004; 279(39): 40567 - 40575.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
L. Galili, K. Herz, O. Dym, and E. Padan
Unraveling Functional and Structural Interactions between Transmembrane Domains IV and XI of NhaA Na+/H+ Antiporter of Escherichia coli
J. Biol. Chem., May 28, 2004; 279(22): 23104 - 23113.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
Q. Zhu and J. R. Casey
The Substrate Anion Selectivity Filter in the Human Erythrocyte Cl-/HCO3 Exchange Protein, AE1
J. Biol. Chem., May 28, 2004; 279(22): 23565 - 23573.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
M. Wikstrom, J. Xie, M. Bogdanov, E. Mileykovskaya, P. Heacock, A. Wieslander, and W. Dowhan
Monoglucosyldiacylglycerol, a Foreign Lipid, Can Substitute for Phosphatidylethanolamine in Essential Membrane-associated Functions in Escherichia coli
J. Biol. Chem., March 12, 2004; 279(11): 10484 - 10493.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
J. Adler and E. Bibi
Determinants of Substrate Recognition by the Escherichia coli Multidrug Transporter MdfA Identified on Both Sides of the Membrane
J. Biol. Chem., March 5, 2004; 279(10): 8957 - 8965.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Cell. Biol.Home page
J. C. Lin, K. Duell, and J. B. Konopka
A Microdomain Formed by the Extracellular Ends of the Transmembrane Domains Promotes Activation of the G Protein-Coupled {alpha}-Factor Receptor
Mol. Cell. Biol., March 1, 2004; 24(5): 2041 - 2051.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
P. Mazurkiewicz, G. J. Poelarends, A. J. M. Driessen, and W. N. Konings
Facilitated Drug Influx by an Energy-uncoupled Secondary Multidrug Transporter
J. Biol. Chem., January 2, 2004; 279(1): 103 - 108.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 MicrobiologyHome page
T. L. Bannam, P. A. Johanesen, C. L. Salvado, S. J. A. Pidot, K. A. Farrow, and J. I. Rood
The Clostridium perfringens TetA(P) efflux protein contains a functional variant of the Motif A region found in major facilitator superfamily transport proteins
Microbiology, January 1, 2004; 150(1): 127 - 134.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
M. Mourez, M. Yan, D. B. Lacy, L. Dillon, L. Bentsen, A. Marpoe, C. Maurin, E. Hotze, D. Wigelsworth, R.-A. Pimental, et al.
Mapping dominant-negative mutations of anthrax protective antigen by scanning mutagenesis
PNAS, November 25, 2003; 100(24): 13803 - 13808.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
J. L. Vazquez-Ibar, L. Guan, M. Svrakic, and H. R. Kaback
Exploiting luminescence spectroscopy to elucidate the interaction between sugar and a tryptophan residue in the lactose permease of Escherichia coli
PNAS, October 28, 2003; 100(22): 12706 - 12711.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
N. Ermolova, L. Guan, and H. R. Kaback
Intermolecular thiol cross-linking via loops in the lactose permease of Escherichia coli
PNAS, September 2, 2003; 100(18): 10187 - 10192.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol.Home page
V. F. Sacchi, M. Castagna, S. A. Mari, C. Perego, E. Bossi, and A. Peres
Glutamate 59 is critical for transport function of the amino acid cotransporter KAAT1
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, September 1, 2003; 285(3): C623 - C632.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ScienceHome page
J. Abramson, I. Smirnova, V. Kasho, G. Verner, H. R. Kaback, and S. Iwata
Structure and Mechanism of the Lactose Permease of Escherichia coli
Science, August 1, 2003; 301(5633): 610 - 615.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Bacteriol.Home page
S. G. Shinnick, S. A. Perez, and M. F. Varela
Altered Substrate Selection of the Melibiose Transporter (MelY) of Enterobacter cloacae Involving Point Mutations in Leu-88, Leu-91, and Ala-182 That Confer Enhanced Maltose Transport
J. Bacteriol., June 15, 2003; 185(12): 3672 - 3677.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
A. N. Stephens, M. A. Khan, X. Roucou, P. Nagley, and R. J. Devenish
The Molecular Neighborhood of Subunit 8 of Yeast Mitochondrial F1F0-ATP Synthase Probed by Cysteine Scanning Mutagenesis and Chemical Modification
J. Biol. Chem., May 9, 2003; 278(20): 17867 - 17875.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
N. Gutman, S. Steiner-Mordoch, and S. Schuldiner
An Amino Acid Cluster around the Essential Glu-14 Is Part of the Substrate- and Proton-binding Domain of EmrE, a Multidrug Transporter from Escherichia coli
J. Biol. Chem., April 25, 2003; 278(18): 16082 - 16087.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
S. Nagamori, J. L. Vazquez-Ibar, A. B. Weinglass, and H. R. Kaback
In Vitro Synthesis of Lactose Permease to Probe the Mechanism of Membrane Insertion and Folding
J. Biol. Chem., April 18, 2003; 278(17): 14820 - 14826.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
L. Guan, M. Sahin-Toth, T. Kalai, K. Hideg, and H. R. Kaback
Probing the Mechanism of a Membrane Transport Protein with Affinity Inactivators
J. Biol. Chem., March 14, 2003; 278(12): 10641 - 10648.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Bacteriol.Home page
T. Hirai, J. A. W. Heymann, P. C. Maloney, and S. Subramaniam
Structural Model for 12-Helix Transporters Belonging to the Major Facilitator Superfamily
J. Bacteriol., March 1, 2003; 185(5): 1712 - 1718.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
C. M. Angevine and R. H. Fillingame
Aqueous Access Channels in Subunit a of Rotary ATP Synthase
J. Biol. Chem., February 14, 2003; 278(8): 6066 - 6074.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
P. L. Sorgen, Y. Hu, L. Guan, H. R. Kaback, and M. E. Girvin
An approach to membrane protein structure without crystals
PNAS, October 29, 2002; 99(22): 14037 - 14040.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
H. Sadlish, F. M. R. Williams, and W. F. Flintoff
Functional Role of Arginine 373 in Substrate Translocation by the Reduced Folate Carrier
J. Biol. Chem., October 25, 2002; 277(44): 42105 - 42112.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
J. Li, Q. Xu, D. M. Cortes, E. Perozo, A. Laskey, and A. Karlin
Reactions of cysteines substituted in the amphipathic N-terminal tail of a bacterial potassium channel with hydrophilic and hydrophobic maleimides
PNAS, September 3, 2002; 99(18): 11605 - 11610.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
A. Akal-Strader, S. Khare, D. Xu, F. Naider, and J. M. Becker
Residues in the First Extracellular Loop of a G Protein-coupled Receptor Play a Role in Signal Transduction
J. Biol. Chem., August 16, 2002; 277(34): 30581 - 30590.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
P. Iserovich, D. Wang, L. Ma, H. Yang, F. A. Zuniga, J. M. Pascual, K. Kuang, D. C. De Vivo, and J. Fischbarg
Changes in Glucose Transport and Water Permeability Resulting from the T310I Pathogenic Mutation in Glut1 Are Consistent with Two Transport Channels per Monomer
J. Biol. Chem., August 16, 2002; 277(34): 30991 - 30997.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
L. Guan, M. Sahin-Toth, and H. R. Kaback
Changing the lactose permease of Escherichia coli into a galactose-specific symporter
PNAS, May 14, 2002; 99(10): 6613 - 6618.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
K. Kumari, V. L. Tlapak-Simmons, B. A. Baggenstoss, and P. H. Weigel
The Streptococcal Hyaluronan Synthases Are Inhibited by Sulfhydryl-modifying Reagents, but Conserved Cysteine Residues Are Not Essential for Enzyme Function
J. Biol. Chem., April 12, 2002; 277(16): 13943 - 13951.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
L. Guan, F. D. Murphy, and H. R. Kaback
Surface-exposed positions in the transmembrane helices of the lactose permease of Escherichia coli determined by intermolecular thiol cross-linking
PNAS, March 19, 2002; 99(6): 3475 - 3480.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
J. L. Vazquez-Ibar, A. B. Weinglass, and H. R. Kaback
Engineering a terbium-binding site into an integral membrane protein for luminescence energy transfer
PNAS, March 19, 2002; 99(6): 3487 - 3492.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
T. W. Loo and D. M. Clarke
Vanadate trapping of nucleotide at the ATP-binding sites of human multidrug resistance P-glycoprotein exposes different residues to the drug-binding site
PNAS, March 19, 2002; 99(6): 3511 - 3516.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Bacteriol.Home page
A. L. Davidson
Mechanism of Coupling of Transport to Hydrolysis in Bacterial ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters
J. Bacteriol., March 1, 2002; 184(5): 1225 - 1233.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Bacteriol.Home page
J. L. Ditty and C. S. Harwood
Charged Amino Acids Conserved in the Aromatic Acid/H+ Symporter Family of Permeases Are Required for 4-Hydroxybenzoate Transport by PcaK from Pseudomonas putida
J. Bacteriol., March 1, 2002; 184(5): 1444 - 1448.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 GlycobiologyHome page
C. D. Heldermon, V. L. Tlapak-Simmons, B. A. Baggenstoss, and P. H. Weigel
Site-directed mutation of conserved cysteine residues does not inactivate the Streptococcus pyogenes hyaluronan synthase
Glycobiology, December 1, 2001; 11(12): 1017 - 1024.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 PhysiologyHome page
S. Schuldiner, D. Granot, S. S. Mordoch, S. Ninio, D. Rotem, M. Soskin, C. G. Tate, and H. Yerushalmi
Small is Mighty: EmrE, a Multidrug Transporter as an Experimental Paradigm
Physiology, June 1, 2001; 16(3): 130 - 134.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
F. X. Zhou, H. J. Merianos, A. T. Brunger, and D. M. Engelman
Polar residues drive association of polyleucine transmembrane helices
PNAS, February 8, 2001; (2001) 41593698.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 J. Bacteriol.Home page
A. Steinke, S. Grau, A. Davidson, E. Hofmann, and M. Ehrmann
Characterization of Transmembrane Segments 3, 4, and 5 of MalF by Mutational Analysis
J. Bacteriol., January 1, 2001; 183(1): 375 - 381.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
M. Sahin-Tóth, A. Karlin, and H. R. Kaback
Unraveling the mechanism of the lactose permease of Escherichia coli
PNAS, September 8, 2000; (2000) 200351797.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
A. B. Weinglass and H. R. Kaback
The central cytoplasmic loop of the major facilitator superfamily of transport proteins governs efficient membrane insertion
PNAS, June 30, 2000; (2000) 140224497.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
D. A. Sullivan and J. B. Cohen
Mapping the Agonist Binding Site of the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor. ORIENTATION REQUIREMENTS FOR ACTIVATION BY COVALENT AGONIST
J. Biol. Chem., April 21, 2000; 275(17): 12651 - 12660.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev.Home page
M. van Geest and J. S. Lolkema
Membrane Topology and Insertion of Membrane Proteins: Search for Topogenic Signals
Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., March 1, 2000; 64(1): 13 - 33.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
H. Yerushalmi and S. Schuldiner
An Essential Glutamyl Residue in EmrE, a Multidrug Antiporter from Escherichia coli
J. Biol. Chem., February 25, 2000; 275(8): 5264 - 5269.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Bacteriol.Home page
Y. Asai, T. Shoji, I. Kawagishi, and M. Homma
Cysteine-Scanning Mutagenesis of the Periplasmic Loop Regions of PomA, a Putative Channel Component of the Sodium-Driven Flagellar Motor in Vibrio alginolyticus
J. Bacteriol., February 15, 2000; 182(4): 1001 - 1007.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
P. W. Hruz and M. M. Mueckler
Cysteine-scanning Mutagenesis of Transmembrane Segment 7 of the GLUT1 Glucose Transporter
J. Biol. Chem., December 17, 1999; 274(51): 36176 - 36180.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
D. J. Slotboom, I. Sobczak, W. N. Konings, and J. S. Lolkema
A conserved serine-rich stretch in the glutamate transporter family forms a substrate-sensitive reentrant loop
PNAS, December 7, 1999; 96(25): 14282 - 14287.
[Abstract]