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a Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 482023489, USA
b Department of Pathology and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 482023489, USA
A comprehensive sequence alignment of 64 members of the family of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) for the entire sequences, and subsequently the catalytic and the hemopexin-like domains, have been performed. The 64 MMPs were selected from plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates. The analyses disclosed that as many as 23 distinct subfamilies of these proteins are known to exist. Information from the sequence alignments was correlated with structures, both crystallographic as well as computational, of the catalytic domains for the 23 representative members of the MMP family. A survey of the metal binding sites and two loops containing variable sequences of amino acids, which are important for substrate interactions, are discussed. The collective data support the proposal that the assembly of the domains into multidomain enzymes was likely to be an early evolutionary event. This was followed by diversification, perhaps in parallel among the MMPs, in a subsequent evolutionary time scale. Analysis indicates that a retrograde structure simplification may have accounted for the evolution of MMPs with simple domain constituents, such as matrilysin, from the larger and more elaborate enzymes.Massova, I., Kotra, L. P., Fridman, R., Mobashery, S. Matrix metalloproteinases: structures, evolution, and diversification. FASEB J. 12, 10751095 (1998)
Key Words: extracellular matrix MMP hemopexin tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase
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A. Jiang, K. Lehti, X. Wang, S. J. Weiss, J. Keski-Oja, and D. Pei Regulation of membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase 1 activity by dynamin-mediated endocytosis PNAS, October 31, 2001; (2001) 241293698. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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S. Bellosta, M. Canavesi, E. Favari, L. Cominacini, G. Gaviraghi, R. Fumagalli, R. Paoletti, and F. Bernini Lalsoacidipine Modulates the Secretion of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 by Human Macrophages J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., March 1, 2001; 296(3): 736 - 743. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
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N. Obermuller, N. Morente, B. Kranzlin, N. Gretz, and R. Witzgall A possible role for metalloproteinases in renal cyst development Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, March 1, 2001; 280(3): F540 - F550. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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A. FABER-ELMANN, V. GRABOVSKY, M. DAYAN, M. SELA, R. ALON, and E. MOZES An altered peptide ligand inhibits the activities of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and phospholipase C, and inhibits T cell interactions with VCAM-1 induced in vivo by a myasthenogenic T cell epitope FASEB J, January 1, 2001; 15(1): 187 - 194. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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N. Di Girolamo, D. Wakefield, and M. T. Coroneo Differential Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Tissue Inhibitors at the Advancing Pterygium Head Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., December 1, 2000; 41(13): 4142 - 4149. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
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I. Ozaki, T. Mizuta, G. Zhao, H. Yotsumoto, T. Hara, S. Kajihara, A. Hisatomi, T. Sakai, and K. Yamamoto Involvement of the Ets-1 Gene in Overexpression of Matrilysin in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cancer Res., November 1, 2000; 60(22): 6519 - 6525. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
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J. Catering, J. Shi, X. Sun, Q. Qian, S. Yamada, Y. Liu, S. Krakora, J.D. Bartlett, Y. Yamada, J.A. Engler, et al. Cloning, Characterization, and Expression Analysis of Mouse Enamelysin Journal of Dental Research, September 1, 2000; 79(9): 1697 - 1703. [Abstract] [PDF] |
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B von Lampe, B Barthel, S E Coupland, E-O Riecken, and S Rosewicz Differential expression of matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors in colon mucosa of patients with inflammatory bowel disease Gut, July 1, 2000; 47(1): 63 - 73. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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A. Béliveau, M. Bérubé, A. Rousseau, G. Pelletier, and S. L. Guérin Expression of Integrin {alpha}5{beta}1 and MMPs Associated with Epithelioid Morphology and Malignancy of Uveal Melanoma Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., July 1, 2000; 41(8): 2363 - 2372. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
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C S SETHI, T A BAILEY, P J LUTHERT, and N H V CHONG Matrix metalloproteinase biology applied to vitreoretinal disorders Br. J. Ophthalmol., June 1, 2000; 84(6): 654 - 666. [Full Text] |
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S. Hernandez-Barrantes, M. Toth, M. M. Bernardo, M. Yurkova, D. C. Gervasi, Y. Raz, Q. A. Sang, and R. Fridman Binding of Active (57 kDa) Membrane Type 1-Matrix Metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) to Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase (TIMP)-2 Regulates MT1-MMP Processing and Pro-MMP-2 Activation J. Biol. Chem., April 14, 2000; 275(16): 12080 - 12089. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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O. LENZ, S. J. ELLIOT, and W. G. STETLER-STEVENSON Matrix Metalloproteinases in Renal Development and Disease J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., March 1, 2000; 11(3): 574 - 581. [Full Text] [PDF] |
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M. W. Olson, M. M. Bernardo, M. Pietila, D. C. Gervasi, M. Toth, L. P. Kotra, I. Massova, S. Mobashery, and R. Fridman Characterization of the Monomeric and Dimeric Forms of Latent and Active Matrix Metalloproteinase-9. DIFFERENTIAL RATES FOR ACTIVATION BY STROMELYSIN 1 J. Biol. Chem., January 28, 2000; 275(4): 2661 - 2668. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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J. Loscalzo Vascular Matrix and Vein Graft Failure : Is the Message in the Medium? Circulation, January 25, 2000; 101(3): 221 - 223. [Full Text] [PDF] |
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A. Leontovich, J Zhang, K Shimokawa, H Nagase, and M. Sarras A novel hydra matrix metalloproteinase (HMMP) functions in extracellular matrix degradation, morphogenesis and the maintenance of differentiated cells in the foot process Development, January 2, 2000; 127(4): 907 - 920. [Abstract] [PDF] |
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S. Pasco, J. Han, P. Gillery, G. Bellon, F.-X. Maquart, J. P. Borel, N. A. Kefalides, and J. C. Monboisse A Specific Sequence of the Noncollagenous Domain of the {{alpha}}3(IV) Chain of Type IV Collagen Inhibits Expression and Activation of Matrix Metalloproteinases by Tumor Cells Cancer Res., January 1, 2000; 60(2): 467 - 473. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
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J. M. Maidment, D. Moore, G. P. Murphy, G. Murphy, and I. M. Clark Matrix Metalloproteinase Homologues from Arabidopsis thaliana. EXPRESSION AND ACTIVITY J. Biol. Chem., December 3, 1999; 274(49): 34706 - 34710. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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Y. S. Kanwar, K. Ota, Q. Yang, J. Wada, N. Kashihara, Y. Tian, and E. I. Wallner Role of membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MT-1-MMP), MMP-2, and its inhibitor in nephrogenesis Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, December 1, 1999; 277(6): F934 - F947. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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Y. Wang, A. R. Johnson, Q.-Z. Ye, and R. D. Dyer Catalytic Activities and Substrate Specificity of the Human Membrane Type 4 Matrix Metalloproteinase Catalytic Domain J. Biol. Chem., November 12, 1999; 274(46): 33043 - 33049. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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C. M. Roberts, P. H. Tani, L. C. Bridges, Z. Laszik, and R. D. Bowditch MDC-L, a Novel Metalloprotease Disintegrin Cysteine-rich Protein Family Member Expressed by Human Lymphocytes J. Biol. Chem., October 8, 1999; 274(41): 29251 - 29259. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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L. L. Johnson, D. A. Bornemeier, J. A. Janowicz, J. Chen, A. G. Pavlovsky, and D. F. Ortwine Effect of Species Differences on Stromelysin-1 (MMP-3) Inhibitor Potency. AN EXPLANATION OF INHIBITOR SELECTIVITY USING HOMOLOGY MODELING AND CHIMERIC PROTEINS J. Biol. Chem., August 27, 1999; 274(35): 24881 - 24887. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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H. Nagase and J. F. Woessner Jr. Matrix Metalloproteinases J. Biol. Chem., July 30, 1999; 274(31): 21491 - 21494. [Full Text] [PDF] |
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E. Morgunova, A. Tuuttila, U. Bergmann, M. Isupov, Y. Lindqvist, G. Schneider, and K. Tryggvason Structure of Human Pro-Matrix Metalloproteinase-2: Activation Mechanism Revealed Science, June 4, 1999; 284(5420): 1667 - 1670. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
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D. Pei Identification and Characterization of the Fifth Membrane-type Matrix Metalloproteinase MT5-MMP J. Biol. Chem., March 26, 1999; 274(13): 8925 - 8932. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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Z. Zhang, J. K. Kolls, P. Oliver, D. Good, P. O. Schwarzenberger, M. S. Joshi, J. L. Ponthier, and J. R. Lancaster Jr. Activation of Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -converting Enzyme-mediated Ectodomain Shedding by Nitric Oxide J. Biol. Chem., May 19, 2000; 275(21): 15839 - 15844. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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W.-H. Yu, S.-s. C. Yu, Q. Meng, K. Brew, and J. F. Woessner Jr. TIMP-3 Binds to Sulfated Glycosaminoglycans of the Extracellular Matrix J. Biol. Chem., September 29, 2000; 275(40): 31226 - 31232. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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