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a Departments of Medicine/GI & Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
b Department of Rheumatology, New York University School of Medicine, Hospital for Joint Diseases, New York, New York 10003, USA
c Division of Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0680
d Division of Rheumatology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconness Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
e Division of Rheumatology, University Hospital Nijmegen. 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
f Rheumatic Diseases Division, Harold C. Simmons Arthritis Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Texas 75235-8884, USA
Cyclooxygenase (COX), the key enzyme required for the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins was first identified over 20 years ago. Drugs, like aspirin, that inhibit cyclooxygenase activity have been available to the public for about 100 years. In the past decade, however, more progress has been made in understanding the role of cyclooxygenase enzymes in biology and disease than at any other time in history. Two cyclooxygenase isoforms have been identified and are referred to as COX-1 and COX-2. Under many circumstances the COX-1 enzyme is produced constitutively (i.e., gastric mucosa) whereas COX-2 is inducible (i.e., sites of inflammation). Here, we summarize the current understanding of the role of cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 in different physiological situations and disease processes ranging from inflammation to cancer. We have attempted to include all of the most relevant material in the field, but due to the rapid progress in this area of research we apologize that certain recent findings may have been left out.DuBois, R. N., Abramson, S. B., Crofford, L., Gupta, R. A., Simon, L. S., van de Putte, L. B. A., Lipsky, P. E. Cyclooxygenase in biology and disease. FASEB J. 12, 10631073 (1998)
Key Words: Prostaglandins Inflammation
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S. Martin, D. C. Phillips, K. Szekely-Szucs, L. Elghazi, F. Desmots, and J. A. Houghton Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibition Sensitizes Human Colon Carcinoma Cells to TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis through Clustering of DR5 and Concentrating Death-Inducing Signaling Complex Components into Ceramide-Enriched Caveolae Cancer Res., December 15, 2005; 65(24): 11447 - 11458. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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G. L. Carroll and S. M. Simonson Recent Developments in Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs in Cats J. Am. Anim. Hosp. Assoc., November 1, 2005; 41(6): 347 - 354. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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S.-p. Zhao, P. Deng, H.-g. Huang, Z.-m. Xu, H.-y. Dai, S.-c. Hong, J. Yang, and H.-n. Zhou Expression of COX-2 mRNA in Peripheral Blood Monocytes from Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction and Its Significance Clin. Chem., November 1, 2005; 51(11): 2170 - 2173. [Full Text] [PDF] |
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H. Dalwadi, K. Krysan, N. Heuze-Vourc'h, M. Dohadwala, D. Elashoff, S. Sharma, N. Cacalano, A. Lichtenstein, and S. Dubinett Cyclooxygenase-2-Dependent Activation of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 by Interleukin-6 in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Clin. Cancer Res., November 1, 2005; 11(21): 7674 - 7682. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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N. Sang, J. Zhang, V. Marcheselli, N. G. Bazan, and C. Chen Postsynaptically Synthesized Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) Modulates Hippocampal Synaptic Transmission via a Presynaptic PGE2 EP2 Receptor J. Neurosci., October 26, 2005; 25(43): 9858 - 9870. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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A. Ferrario, A. M. Fisher, N. Rucker, and C. J. Gomer Celecoxib and NS-398 Enhance Photodynamic Therapy by Increasing In vitro Apoptosis and Decreasing In vivo Inflammatory and Angiogenic Factors Cancer Res., October 15, 2005; 65(20): 9473 - 9478. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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Y. Lu and L. M. Wahl Oxidative Stress Augments the Production of Matrix Metalloproteinase-1, Cyclooxygenase-2, and Prostaglandin E2 through Enhancement of NF-{kappa}B Activity in Lipopolysaccharide-Activated Human Primary Monocytes J. Immunol., October 15, 2005; 175(8): 5423 - 5429. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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J. Mrena, J.-P. Wiksten, A. Thiel, A. Kokkola, L. Pohjola, J. Lundin, S. Nordling, A. Ristimaki, and C. Haglund Cyclooxygenase-2 Is an Independent Prognostic Factor in Gastric Cancer and Its Expression Is Regulated by the Messenger RNA Stability Factor HuR Clin. Cancer Res., October 15, 2005; 11(20): 7362 - 7368. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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K. P. Townsend and D. Pratico Novel therapeutic opportunities for Alzheimer's disease: focus on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs FASEB J, October 1, 2005; 19(12): 1592 - 1601. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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K. J. Sales, T. List, S. C. Boddy, A. R.W. Williams, R. A. Anderson, Z. Naor, and H. N. Jabbour A Novel Angiogenic Role for Prostaglandin F2{alpha}-FP Receptor Interaction in Human Endometrial Adenocarcinomas Cancer Res., September 1, 2005; 65(17): 7707 - 7716. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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J. Moreno, A. V. Krishnan, S. Swami, L. Nonn, D. M. Peehl, and D. Feldman Regulation of Prostaglandin Metabolism by Calcitriol Attenuates Growth Stimulation in Prostate Cancer Cells Cancer Res., September 1, 2005; 65(17): 7917 - 7925. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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S. I. Abdalla, I. R. Sanderson, and R. C. Fitzgerald Effect of inflammation on cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression in benign and malignant oesophageal cells Carcinogenesis, September 1, 2005; 26(9): 1627 - 1633. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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S.-G. Hwang, S.-S. Yu, H. Poo, and J.-S. Chun c-Jun/Activator Protein-1 Mediates Interleukin-1{beta}-induced Dedifferentiation but Not Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression in Articular Chondrocytes J. Biol. Chem., August 19, 2005; 280(33): 29780 - 29787. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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D. Pratico and J.-M. Dogne Selective Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors Development in Cardiovascular Medicine Circulation, August 16, 2005; 112(7): 1073 - 1079. [Full Text] [PDF] |
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J. Shi, N. L. A. Misso, D. L. Duffy, B. Bradley, R. Beard, P. J. Thompson, and M-A. Kedda Cyclooxygenase-1 gene polymorphisms in patients with different asthma phenotypes and atopy Eur. Respir. J., August 1, 2005; 26(2): 249 - 256. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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M. Lantz, T. Vondrichova, H. Parikh, C. Frenander, M. Ridderstrale, P. Asman, M. Aberg, L. Groop, and B. Hallengren Overexpression of Immediate Early Genes in Active Graves' Ophthalmopathy J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., August 1, 2005; 90(8): 4784 - 4791. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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K. Krysan, K. L. Reckamp, H. Dalwadi, S. Sharma, E. Rozengurt, M. Dohadwala, and S. M. Dubinett Prostaglandin E2 Activates Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase/Erk Pathway Signaling and Cell Proliferation in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells in an Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Independent Manner Cancer Res., July 15, 2005; 65(14): 6275 - 6281. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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K. B. Kilunga, T. Inoue, Y. Okano, Z. Kabututu, S. K. Martin, M. Lazarus, M. Duszenko, Y. Sumii, Y. Kusakari, H. Matsumura, et al. Structural and Mutational Analysis of Trypanosoma brucei Prostaglandin H2 Reductase Provides Insight into the Catalytic Mechanism of Aldo-ketoreductases J. Biol. Chem., July 15, 2005; 280(28): 26371 - 26382. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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E. Y. Fukuda, S. P. Lad, D. P. Mikolon, M. Iacobelli-Martinez, and E. Li Activation of Lipid Metabolism Contributes to Interleukin-8 Production during Chlamydia trachomatis Infection of Cervical Epithelial Cells Infect. Immun., July 1, 2005; 73(7): 4017 - 4024. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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P. A. Konstantinopoulos and D. F. Lehmann The Cardiovascular Toxicity of Selective and Nonselective Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors: Comparisons, Contrasts, and Aspirin Confounding J. Clin. Pharmacol., July 1, 2005; 45(7): 742 - 750. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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J. Parent and M. A. Fortier Expression and Contribution of Three Different Isoforms of Prostaglandin E Synthase in the Bovine Endometrium Biol Reprod, July 1, 2005; 73(1): 36 - 44. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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W. Dou, S. Thompson-Jaeger, S. J. F. Laulederkind, J. W. Becker, J. Montgomery, E. Ruiz-Bustos, D. L. Hasty, L. R. Ballou, P. S. Eastman, B. Srichai, et al. Defective expression of Tamm-Horsfall protein/uromodulin in COX-2-deficient mice increases their susceptibility to urinary tract infections Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, July 1, 2005; 289(1): F49 - F60. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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M. Joo, Y. S. Hahn, M. Kwon, R. T. Sadikot, T. S. Blackwell, and J. W. Christman Hepatitis C Virus Core Protein Suppresses NF-{kappa}B Activation and Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression by Direct Interaction with I{kappa}B Kinase {beta} J. Virol., June 15, 2005; 79(12): 7648 - 7657. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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H. Kim, S. H. Rhee, E. Kokkotou, X. Na, T. Savidge, M. P. Moyer, C. Pothoulakis, and J. T. LaMont Clostridium difficile Toxin A Regulates Inducible Cyclooxygenase-2 and Prostaglandin E2 Synthesis in Colonocytes via Reactive Oxygen Species and Activation of p38 MAPK J. Biol. Chem., June 3, 2005; 280(22): 21237 - 21245. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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X. Zhang and A. H. Neufeld Activation of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Optic Nerve Astrocytes Leads to Early and Transient Induction of Cyclooxygenase-2 Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., June 1, 2005; 46(6): 2035 - 2041. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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E. M. Sievers, R. D. Bart, L. M. Backhus, Y. Lin, M. Starnes, R. Castanos, V. A. Starnes, and Ross. M. Bremner Evaluation of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition in an orthotopic murine model of lung cancer for dose-dependent effect J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., June 1, 2005; 129(6): 1242 - 1249. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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Y. Denkins, D. Kempf, M. Ferniz, S. Nileshwar, and D. Marchetti Role of {omega}-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on cyclooxygenase-2 metabolism in brain-metastatic melanoma J. Lipid Res., June 1, 2005; 46(6): 1278 - 1284. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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V. Mollace, C. Muscoli, E. Masini, S. Cuzzocrea, and D. Salvemini Modulation of Prostaglandin Biosynthesis by Nitric Oxide and Nitric Oxide Donors Pharmacol. Rev., June 1, 2005; 57(2): 217 - 252. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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M Fornai, C Blandizzi, R Colucci, L Antonioli, N Bernardini, C Segnani, B Baragatti, S Barogi, P Berti, R Spisni, et al. Role of cyclooxygenases 1 and 2 in the modulation of neuromuscular functions in the distal colon of humans and mice Gut, May 1, 2005; 54(5): 608 - 616. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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