| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
a Departments of Medicine/GI & Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
b Department of Rheumatology, New York University School of Medicine, Hospital for Joint Diseases, New York, New York 10003, USA
c Division of Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0680
d Division of Rheumatology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconness Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
e Division of Rheumatology, University Hospital Nijmegen. 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
f Rheumatic Diseases Division, Harold C. Simmons Arthritis Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Texas 75235-8884, USA
Cyclooxygenase (COX), the key enzyme required for the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins was first identified over 20 years ago. Drugs, like aspirin, that inhibit cyclooxygenase activity have been available to the public for about 100 years. In the past decade, however, more progress has been made in understanding the role of cyclooxygenase enzymes in biology and disease than at any other time in history. Two cyclooxygenase isoforms have been identified and are referred to as COX-1 and COX-2. Under many circumstances the COX-1 enzyme is produced constitutively (i.e., gastric mucosa) whereas COX-2 is inducible (i.e., sites of inflammation). Here, we summarize the current understanding of the role of cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 in different physiological situations and disease processes ranging from inflammation to cancer. We have attempted to include all of the most relevant material in the field, but due to the rapid progress in this area of research we apologize that certain recent findings may have been left out.—DuBois, R. N., Abramson, S. B., Crofford, L., Gupta, R. A., Simon, L. S., van de Putte, L. B. A., Lipsky, P. E. Cyclooxygenase in biology and disease. FASEB J. 12, 1063–1073 (1998)
Key Words: Prostaglandins • Inflammation
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  Y. S. PARK and N. TANIGUCHI Acrolein Induces Inflammatory Response Underlying Endothelial Dysfunction: A Risk Factor for Atherosclerosis Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., April 1, 2008; 1126(1): 185 - 189. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Bryn, S. Yaqub, M. Mahic, K. Henjum, E. M. Aandahl, and K. Tasken LPS-activated monocytes suppress T-cell immune responses and induce FOXP3+ T cells through a COX-2-PGE2-dependent mechanism Int. Immunol., February 1, 2008; 20(2): 235 - 245. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y.-S. Piao, Y.-C. Du, H. Oshima, J.-C. Jin, M. Nomura, T. Yoshimoto, and M. Oshima Platelet-type 12-lipoxygenase accelerates tumor promotion of mouse epidermal cells through enhancement of cloning efficiency Carcinogenesis, February 1, 2008; 29(2): 440 - 447. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J.-Y. Qian, P. Harding, Y. Liu, E. Shesely, X.-P. Yang, and M. C. LaPointe Reduced Cardiac Remodeling and Function in Cardiac-Specific EP4 Receptor Knockout Mice With Myocardial Infarction Hypertension, February 1, 2008; 51(2): 560 - 566. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. K. Sackett, I. Bairati, F. Meyer, E. Jobin, S. Lussier, A. Fortin, M. Gelinas, A. Nabid, F. Brochet, and B. Tetu Prognostic Significance of Cyclooxygenase-2 Overexpression in Glottic Cancer Clin. Cancer Res., January 1, 2008; 14(1): 67 - 73. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. E. Hollingshead, M. G. Borland, A. N. Billin, T. M. Willson, F. J. Gonzalez, and J. M. Peters Ligand activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-{beta}/{delta} (PPAR{beta}/{delta}) and inhibition of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) attenuate colon carcinogenesis through independent signaling mechanisms Carcinogenesis, January 1, 2008; 29(1): 169 - 176. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Yamashita, T. Shinohara, S. Tsuji, Q. N. Myrvik, A. Nishiyama, R. A. Henriksen, and Y. Shibata Catalytically Inactive Cyclooxygenase 2 and Absence of Prostaglandin E2 Biosynthesis in Murine Peritoneal Macrophages following In Vivo Phagocytosis of Heat-Killed Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guerin J. Immunol., November 15, 2007; 179(10): 7072 - 7078. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. G. Izzo and J. A. Ajani Thinking In and Out of the Box When It Comes to Gastric Cancer and Cyclooxygenase-2 J. Clin. Oncol., November 1, 2007; 25(31): 4865 - 4867. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. M. Siegfried, C. T. Gubish, M. E. Rothstein, P. E. Q. de Oliveira, and L. P. Stabile Signaling Pathways Involved in Cyclooxygenase-2 Induction by Hepatocyte Growth Factor in Non Small-Cell Lung Cancer Mol. Pharmacol., September 1, 2007; 72(3): 769 - 779. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. W. Polk, M. E. Ellis, J. V. Kushleika, P. L. Simmonds, and J. S. Woods RhoA regulation of NF-{kappa}B activation is mediated by COX-2-dependent feedback inhibition of IKK in kidney epithelial cells Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, September 1, 2007; 293(3): C1160 - C1170. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Hasegawa, Y. Yamada, K. Komiyama, M. Hayashi, M. Ishibashi, T. Sunazuka, T. Izuhara, K. Sugahara, K. Tsuruda, M. Masuda, et al. A novel natural compound, a cycloanthranilylproline derivative (Fuligocandin B), sensitizes leukemia cells to apoptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) through 15-deoxy-{Delta}12, 14 prostaglandin J2 production Blood, September 1, 2007; 110(5): 1664 - 1674. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Joo, M. Kwon, R. T. Sadikot, P. J. Kingsley, L. J. Marnett, T. S. Blackwell, R. S. Peebles Jr, Y. Urade, and J. W. Christman Induction and Function of Lipocalin Prostaglandin D Synthase in Host Immunity J. Immunol., August 15, 2007; 179(4): 2565 - 2575. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. S.J. Yeoh, R. J. Gibson, E. E.K. Yeoh, J. M. Bowen, A. M. Stringer, K. A. Giam, and D. M.K. Keefe A novel animal model to investigate fractionated radiotherapy-induced alimentary mucositis: the role of apoptosis, p53, nuclear factor-{kappa}B, COX-1, and COX-2 Mol. Cancer Ther., August 1, 2007; 6(8): 2319 - 2327. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Donnini, F. Finetti, R. Solito, E. Terzuoli, A. Sacchetti, L. Morbidelli, P. Patrignani, and M. Ziche EP2 prostanoid receptor promotes squamous cell carcinoma growth through epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation and iNOS and ERK1/2 pathways FASEB J, August 1, 2007; 21(10): 2418 - 2430. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. M. Rassnick and B. L. Njaa Cyclooxygenase-2 immunoreactivity in equine ocular squamous-cell carcinoma J Vet Diagn Invest, July 1, 2007; 19(4): 436 - 439. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. W. Chang, Y.-C. Chang, C.-C. Ho, M.-H. Tsai, and P. Lin Increase of carcinogenic risk via enhancement of cyclooxygenase-2 expression and hydroxyestradiol accumulation in human lung cells as a result of interaction between BaP and 17-beta estradiol Carcinogenesis, July 1, 2007; 28(7): 1606 - 1612. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Yamashita, S. Tsuji, A. Nishiyama, Q. N. Myrvik, R. A. Henriksen, and Y. Shibata Differential subcellular localization of COX-2 in macrophages phagocytosing heat-killed Mycobacterium bovis BCG Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, July 1, 2007; 293(1): C184 - C190. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. S. Aroeira, A. Aguilera, J. A. Sanchez-Tomero, M. A. Bajo, G. del Peso, J. A. Jimenez-Heffernan, R. Selgas, and M. Lopez-Cabrera Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition and Peritoneal Membrane Failure in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: Pathologic Significance and Potential Therapeutic Interventions J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., July 1, 2007; 18(7): 2004 - 2013. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. S. Barbieri and B. B. Weksler Tobacco smoke cooperates with interleukin-1{beta} to alter {beta}-catenin trafficking in vascular endothelium resulting in increased permeability and induction of cyclooxygenase-2 expression in vitro and in vivo FASEB J, June 1, 2007; 21(8): 1831 - 1843. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. S. Park, J. Kim, Y. Misonou, R. Takamiya, M. Takahashi, M. R. Freeman, and N. Taniguchi Acrolein Induces Cyclooxygenase-2 and Prostaglandin Production in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells: Roles of p38 MAP Kinase Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., June 1, 2007; 27(6): 1319 - 1325. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. M. Weinheimer, B. Jemiolo, C. C. Carroll, M. P. Harber, J. M. Haus, N. A. Burd, J. K. LeMoine, S. W. Trappe, and T. A. Trappe Resistance exercise and cyclooxygenase (COX) expression in human skeletal muscle: implications for COX-inhibiting drugs and protein synthesis Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, June 1, 2007; 292(6): R2241 - R2248. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 O. Fantappie, M. Solazzo, N. Lasagna, F. Platini, L. Tessitore, and R. Mazzanti P-Glycoprotein Mediates Celecoxib-Induced Apoptosis in Multiple Drug-Resistant Cell Lines Cancer Res., May 15, 2007; 67(10): 4915 - 4923. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Joo, J. G. Wright, N. N. Hu, R. T. Sadikot, G. Y. Park, T. S. Blackwell, and J. W. Christman Yin Yang 1 enhances cyclooxygenase-2 gene expression in macrophages Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, May 1, 2007; 292(5): L1219 - L1226. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Eligini, S. S. Barbieri, I. Arenaz, E. Tremoli, and S. Colli Paracrine up-regulation of monocyte cyclooxygenase-2 by platelets: Role of transforming growth factor-{beta}1 Cardiovasc Res, May 1, 2007; 74(2): 270 - 278. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. M. Bock, S. G. Menon, L. L. Sinclair, N. S. Bedford, P. C. Goswami, F. E. Domann, and D. K. Trask Celecoxib Toxicity Is Cell Cycle Phase Specific Cancer Res., April 15, 2007; 67(8): 3801 - 3808. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J.-Y. Liou, D. Ghelani, S. Yeh, and K. K. Wu Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs Induce Colorectal Cancer Cell Apoptosis by Suppressing 14-3-3{varepsilon} Cancer Res., April 1, 2007; 67(7): 3185 - 3191. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Hosono, U. Yamaguchi, A. Makimoto, M. Endo, A. Watanabe, T. Shimoda, M. Kaya, T. Matsumura, H. Sonobe, T. Kusumi, et al. Utility of immunohistochemical analysis for cyclo-oxygenase 2 in the differential diagnosis of osteoblastoma and osteosarcoma J. Clin. Pathol., April 1, 2007; 60(4): 410 - 414. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C.K.S. Ong, P. Lirk, C.H. Tan, and R.A. Seymour An Evidence-Based Update on Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Clin. Med. Res., March 1, 2007; 5(1): 19 - 34. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Saudan, P. Saudan, T. Perneger, N. Riand, A. Keller, and P. Hoffmeyer Celecoxib versus ibuprofen in the prevention of heterotopic ossification following total hip replacement: A PROSPECTIVE RANDOMISED TRIAL J Bone Joint Surg Br, February 1, 2007; 89-B(2): 155 - 159. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. A JEONG, K. W. LEE, D.-Y. YOON, and H. J. LEE Jaceosidin, a Pharmacologically Active Flavone Derived from Artemisia argyi, Inhibits Phorbol-Ester-Induced Upregulation of COX-2 and MMP-9 by Blocking Phosphorylation of ERK-1 and -2 in Cultured Human Mammary Epithelial Cells Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., January 1, 2007; 1095(1): 458 - 466. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Y. KWON, K. W. LEE, H. J. HUR, and H. J. LEE Peonidin Inhibits Phorbol-Ester-Induced COX-2 Expression and Transformation in JB6 P+ Cells by Blocking Phosphorylation of ERK-1 and -2 Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., January 1, 2007; 1095(1): 513 - 520. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L.C. Gerstenfeld, M. Al-Ghawas, Y.M. Alkhiary, D.M. Cullinane, E.A. Krall, J.L. Fitch, E.G. Webb, M.A. Thiede, and T.A. Einhorn Selective and Nonselective Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors and Experimental Fracture-Healing. Reversibility of Effects After Short-Term Treatment J. Bone Joint Surg. Am., January 1, 2007; 89(1): 114 - 125. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. Xu, C. Han, and T. Wu A Novel Positive Feedback Loop between Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor-{delta} and Prostaglandin E2 Signaling Pathways for Human Cholangiocarcinoma Cell Growth J. Biol. Chem., November 10, 2006; 281(45): 33982 - 33996. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E B. Y. Konuk, O. Konuk, M. Misirlioglu, A. Menevse, and M. Unal Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in orbital fibroadipose connective tissues of Graves' ophthalmopathy patients. Eur. J. Endocrinol., November 1, 2006; 155(5): 681 - 685. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Cianchi, C. Cortesini, L. Magnelli, E. Fanti, L. Papucci, N. Schiavone, L. Messerini, A. Vannacci, S. Capaccioli, F. Perna, et al. Inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase by MK886 augments the antitumor activity of celecoxib in human colon cancer cells. Mol. Cancer Ther., November 1, 2006; 5(11): 2716 - 2726. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Tong, Y. Ding, and H.-H. Tai Reciprocal regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 and 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase expression in A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells Carcinogenesis, November 1, 2006; 27(11): 2170 - 2179. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. R. Hill, A. Papafili, H. Booth, P. Lawson, M. Hubner, H. Beynon, C. Read, G. Lindahl, R. P. Marshall, R. J. McAnulty, et al. Functional Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase 2 Polymorphism Predicts Poor Outcome in Sarcoidosis Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., October 15, 2006; 174(8): 915 - 922. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Odau, C. Gabler, C. Holder, and R. Einspanier Differential expression of cyclooxygenase 1 and cyclooxygenase 2 in the bovine oviduct. J. Endocrinol., October 1, 2006; 191(1): 263 - 274. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Sang and C. Chen Lipid Signaling and Synaptic Plasticity Neuroscientist, October 1, 2006; 12(5): 425 - 434. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Oshima, M. M. Taketo, and M. Oshima Destruction of Pancreatic beta-Cells by Transgenic Induction of Prostaglandin E2 in the Islets J. Biol. Chem., September 29, 2006; 281(39): 29330 - 29336. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. F. G. van Helden, D. J. E. B. Krooshoop, K. C. M. Broers, R. A. P. Raymakers, C. G. Figdor, and F. N. van Leeuwen A Critical Role for Prostaglandin E2 in Podosome Dissolution and Induction of High-Speed Migration during Dendritic Cell Maturation J. Immunol., August 1, 2006; 177(3): 1567 - 1574. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. A. Davies, B. Knight, Y. W. Tian, G. C.T. Yeoh, and J. K. Olynyk Hepatic oval cell response to the choline-deficient, ethionine supplemented model of murine liver injury is attenuated by the administration of a cyclo-oxygenase 2 inhibitor Carcinogenesis, August 1, 2006; 27(8): 1607 - 1616. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Sharma-Walia, H. Raghu, S. Sadagopan, R. Sivakumar, M. V. Veettil, P. P. Naranatt, M. M. Smith, and B. Chandran Cyclooxygenase 2 Induced by Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Early during In Vitro Infection of Target Cells Plays a Role in the Maintenance of Latent Viral Gene Expression. J. Virol., July 1, 2006; 80(13): 6534 - 6552. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Martin-Venegas, S. Roig-Perez, R. Ferrer, and J. J. Moreno Arachidonic acid cascade and epithelial barrier function during Caco-2 cell differentiation J. Lipid Res., July 1, 2006; 47(7): 1416 - 1423. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. R. Mann, M. G. Backlund, F. G. Buchanan, T. Daikoku, V. R. Holla, D. W. Rosenberg, S. K. Dey, and R. N. DuBois Repression of Prostaglandin Dehydrogenase by Epidermal Growth Factor and Snail Increases Prostaglandin E2 and Promotes Cancer Progression. Cancer Res., July 1, 2006; 66(13): 6649 - 6656. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Abdelrahim, C. H. Baker, J. L. Abbruzzese, and S. Safe Tolfenamic acid and pancreatic cancer growth, angiogenesis, and Sp protein degradation. J Natl Cancer Inst, June 21, 2006; 98(12): 855 - 868. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J Mrena, J-P Wiksten, S Nordling, A Kokkola, A Ristimaki, and C Haglund MMP-2 but not MMP-9 associated with COX-2 and survival in gastric cancer. J. Clin. Pathol., June 1, 2006; 59(6): 618 - 623. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. G. Neilan, D. S. Jassal, M. F. Scully, G. Chen, C. Deflandre, H. McAllister, E. Kay, S. C. Austin, E. F. Halpern, J. H. Harmey, et al. Iloprost attenuates doxorubicin-induced cardiac injury in a murine model without compromising tumour suppression Eur. Heart J., May 2, 2006; 27(10): 1251 - 1256. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. P. Choe, J. Havird, R. Rose, K. Hyndman, P. Piermarini, and D. H. Evans COX2 in a euryhaline teleost, Fundulus heteroclitus: primary sequence, distribution, localization, and potential function in gills during salinity acclimation J. Exp. Biol., May 1, 2006; 209(9): 1696 - 1708. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. A. Narayanan, N. K. Narayanan, L. Davis, and D. Nargi RNA interference-mediated cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition prevents prostate cancer cell growth and induces differentiation: modulation of neuronal protein synaptophysin, cyclin D1, and androgen receptor Mol. Cancer Ther., May 1, 2006; 5(5): 1117 - 1125. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Wang, H. Wang, J. Brown, T. Daikoku, W. Ning, Q. Shi, A. Richmond, R. Strieter, S. K. Dey, and R. N. DuBois CXCL1 induced by prostaglandin E2 promotes angiogenesis in colorectal cancer J. Exp. Med., April 17, 2006; 203(4): 941 - 951. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Huh, A. Liepins, J. Zielonka, C. Andrekopoulos, B. Kalyanaraman, and A. Sorokin Cyclooxygenase 2 Rescues LNCaP Prostate Cancer Cells from Sanguinarine-Induced Apoptosis by a Mechanism Involving Inhibition of Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity. Cancer Res., April 1, 2006; 66(7): 3726 - 3736. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Miller, V. A. Patel, and A. Sorokin Cyclooxygenase-2 Rescues Rat Mesangial Cells from Apoptosis Induced by Adriamycin via Upregulation of Multidrug Resistance Protein 1 (P-Glycoprotein) J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., April 1, 2006; 17(4): 977 - 985. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Castells, A. Paya, C. Alenda, F. Rodriguez-Moranta, R. Agrelo, M. Andreu, V. Pinol, S. Castellvi-Bel, R. Jover, X. Llor, et al. Cyclooxygenase 2 expression in colorectal cancer with DNA mismatch repair deficiency. Clin. Cancer Res., March 15, 2006; 12(6): 1686 - 1692. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Chen, H. Hwang, M. E. Rose, R. G. Nines, and G. D. Stoner Chemopreventive Properties of Black Raspberries in N-Nitrosomethylbenzylamine-Induced Rat Esophageal Tumorigenesis: Down-regulation of Cyclooxygenase-2, Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase, and c-Jun. Cancer Res., March 1, 2006; 66(5): 2853 - 2859. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Suzuki, H. Kohno, M. Suzui, N. Yoshimi, H. Tsuda, K. Wakabayashi, and T. Tanaka An animal model for the rapid induction of tongue neoplasms in human c-Ha-ras proto-oncogene transgenic rats by 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide: its potential use for preclinical chemoprevention studies Carcinogenesis, March 1, 2006; 27(3): 619 - 630. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. J. Tyson-Capper and G. N. Europe-Finner Novel Targeting of Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) Pre-mRNA Using Antisense Morpholino Oligonucleotides Directed to the 3' Acceptor and 5' Donor Splice Sites of Exon 4: Suppression of COX-2 Activity in Human Amnion-Derived WISH and Myometrial Cells Mol. Pharmacol., March 1, 2006; 69(3): 796 - 804. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. D'Orazi, M. G. Sciulli, V. Di Stefano, S. Riccioni, M. Frattini, R. Falcioni, L. Bertario, A. Sacchi, and P. Patrignani Homeodomain-Interacting Protein Kinase-2 Restrains Cytosolic Phospholipase A2-Dependent Prostaglandin E2 Generation in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells Clin. Cancer Res., February 1, 2006; 12(3): 735 - 741. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 V. R. Babaev, L. Ding, J. Reese, J. D. Morrow, M. D. Breyer |
