The FASEB Journal, Vol 11, 331-340, Copyright © 1997 by The Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology

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Sequence motifs for calmodulin recognition

AR Rhoads and F Friedberg
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, D.C. 20059, USA.

Calmodulin (CaM) is recognized as a major calcium sensor and orchestrator of regulatory events through its interaction with a diverse group of cellular proteins. Many investigations have focused on defining the region of interaction between CaM and its cellular targets and the action of CaM on target protein function. Because CaM can bind with high affinity to a relatively small alpha-helical region of many proteins, success in clearly defining the essential elements of CaM binding motifs seems feasible and should provide a means of identifying CaM binding proteins. Three recognition motifs for CaM interaction are discussed in the context of experimental investigations of a variety of CaM target proteins. A modified version of the IQ motif as a consensus for Ca2+-independent binding and two related motifs for Ca2+-dependent binding, termed 18-14 and 1-5-10 based on the position of conserved hydrophobic residues, are proposed. Although considerable sequence diversity is observed among the different binding regions, these three classes of recognition motifs exist for many of the known CaM binding proteins.

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				N. Bouche, A. Scharlat, W. Snedden, D. Bouchez, and H. Fromm A Novel Family of Calmodulin-binding Transcription Activators in Multicellular Organisms J. Biol. Chem., June 7, 2002; 277(24): 21851 - 21861. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. C. Kim, S. H. Lee, J. K. Kim, H. J. Chun, M. S. Choi, W. S. Chung, B. C. Moon, C. H. Kang, C. Y. Park, J. H. Yoo, et al. Mlo, a Modulator of Plant Defense and Cell Death, Is a Novel Calmodulin-binding Protein. ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A RICE Mlo HOMOLOGUE J. Biol. Chem., May 24, 2002; 277(22): 19304 - 19314. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. A. Myre and D. H. O'Day Nucleomorphin. A NOVEL, ACIDIC, NUCLEAR CALMODULIN-BINDING PROTEIN FROM DICTYOSTELIUM THAT REGULATES NUCLEAR NUMBER J. Biol. Chem., May 24, 2002; 277(22): 19735 - 19744. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. K. Andrews, K. Suzuki-Inoue, Y. Shen, D. Tulasne, S. P. Watson, and M. C. Berndt Interaction of calmodulin with the cytoplasmic domain of platelet glycoprotein VI Blood, May 13, 2002; 99(11): 4219 - 4221. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. K. Kranz, E. K. Lee, A. C. Nairn, and A. J. Wand A Direct Test of the Reductionist Approach to Structural Studies of Calmodulin Activity. RELEVANCE OF PEPTIDE MODELS OF TARGET PROTEINS J. Biol. Chem., May 3, 2002; 277(19): 16351 - 16354. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Eto, M. Ogasawara, K. Umemura, Y. Nagai, and H. Kimura Hydrogen Sulfide Is Produced in Response to Neuronal Excitation J. Neurosci., May 1, 2002; 22(9): 3386 - 3391. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. L. Cyr, R. A. Dumont, and P. G. Gillespie Myosin-1c Interacts with Hair-Cell Receptors through Its Calmodulin-Binding IQ Domains J. Neurosci., April 1, 2002; 22(7): 2487 - 2495. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				V. S. Reddy, G. S. Ali, and A. S. N. Reddy Genes Encoding Calmodulin-binding Proteins in the Arabidopsis Genome J. Biol. Chem., March 15, 2002; 277(12): 9840 - 9852. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. Deschenes, N. Neyroud, D. DiSilvestre, E. Marban, D. T. Yue, and G. F. Tomaselli Isoform-Specific Modulation of Voltage-Gated Na+ Channels by Calmodulin Circ. Res., March 8, 2002; 90 (4): e49 - e57. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. S. N. Reddy, I. S. Day, S. B. Narasimhulu, F. Safadi, V. S. Reddy, M. Golovkin, and M. J. Harnly Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Calmodulin-binding Protein from Potato J. Biol. Chem., February 1, 2002; 277(6): 4206 - 4214. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Wissmann, W. Bildl, H. Neumann, A. F. Rivard, N. Klocker, D. Weitz, U. Schulte, J. P. Adelman, D. Bentrop, and B. Fakler A Helical Region in the C Terminus of Small-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ Channels Controls Assembly with Apo-calmodulin J. Biol. Chem., February 1, 2002; 277(6): 4558 - 4564. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. Moisoi, M. Erent, S. Whyte, S. Martin, and P. M. Bayley Calmodulin-containing substructures of the centrosomal matrix released by microtubule perturbation J. Cell Sci., January 6, 2002; 115(11): 2367 - 2379. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Brzeska, R. Young, C. Tan, J. Szczepanowska, and E. D. Korn Calmodulin-binding and Autoinhibitory Domains of Acanthamoeba Myosin I Heavy Chain Kinase, a p21-activated Kinase (PAK) J. Biol. Chem., December 7, 2001; 276(50): 47468 - 47473. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. Wu, I. Dzhura, R. J Colbran, and M. E Anderson Calmodulin kinase and a calmodulin-binding 'IQ' domain facilitate L-type Ca2+ current in rabbit ventricular myocytes by a common mechanism J. Physiol., September 15, 2001; 535(3): 679 - 687. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J.-y. Awata, K. Saitoh, K. Shimada, T. Kashiyama, and K. Yamamoto Effects of Ca2+ and Calmodulin on the Motile Activity of Characean Myosin In vitro Plant Cell Physiol., August 1, 2001; 42(8): 828 - 834. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Young, E. Ehler, and M. Gautel Obscurin, a giant sarcomeric Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor protein involved in sarcomere assembly J. Cell Biol., July 9, 2001; 154(1): 123 - 136. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Yang, D. R. Diener, J. L. Rosenbaum, and W. S. Sale Localization of Calmodulin and Dynein Light Chain Lc8 in Flagellar Radial Spokes J. Cell Biol., June 11, 2001; 153(6): 1315 - 1326. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. d. C. G. Simão and S. L. Gomes Structure, Expression, and Functional Analysis of the Gene Coding for Calmodulin in the Chytridiomycete Blastocladiella emersonii J. Bacteriol., April 1, 2001; 183(7): 2280 - 2288. [Abstract] [Full Text]