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The FASEB Journal, Vol 11, 51-59, Copyright © 1997 by The Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology
REVIEWS |
J Taipale and J Keski-Oja
Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Finland.
Much recent research has focused on the study of the expression of growth factor genes and on the identification of growth factor signaling mechanisms inside cells. However, growth factor signaling can also be regulated outside of cells by extracellular matrix proteins and proteolytic enzymes. The ability of extracellular proteins to process complex information in the absence of new protein synthesis is illustrated in blood clotting and complement pathways. An increasing number of growth factors, including IGFs, FGFs, TGF-beta's, and HGF, have been found to associate with the extracellular matrix proteins or with heparan sulfate. Rapid and localized changes in the activity of these factors can be induced by release from matrix storage and/or by activation of latent forms. These growth factors, in turn, control cell proliferation, differentiation, and synthesis and remodeling of the extracellular matrix. It is therefore likely that much of the information processing necessary for construction of complex multicellular organisms occurs in the extracellular environment. This suggests that extracellular matrix plays a major role in the control of growth factor signaling.
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B. Dahlen, J. Shute, and P. Howarth Immunohistochemical localisation of the matrix metalloproteinases MMP-3 and MMP-9 within the airways in asthma Thorax, July 1, 1999; 54(7): 590 - 596. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
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M. D. Martin-Bermudo and N. H. Brown Uncoupling integrin adhesion and signaling: the beta PS cytoplasmic domain is sufficient to regulate gene expression in the Drosophila embryo Genes & Dev., March 15, 1999; 13(6): 729 - 739. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
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C. J. Dowd, C. L. Cooney, and M. A. Nugent Heparan Sulfate Mediates bFGF Transport through Basement Membrane by Diffusion with Rapid Reversible Binding J. Biol. Chem., February 19, 1999; 274(8): 5236 - 5244. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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M. D. Rekhter Collagen synthesis in atherosclerosis: too much and not enough Cardiovasc Res, February 1, 1999; 41(2): 376 - 384. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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E Planus, S Galiacy, M Matthay, V Laurent, J Gavrilovic, G Murphy, C Clerici, D Isabey, C Lafuma, and M. d'Ortho Role of collagenase in mediating in vitro alveolar epithelial wound repair J. Cell Sci., January 1, 1999; 112(2): 243 - 252. [Abstract] [PDF] |
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J. S. Munger, J. G. Harpel, F. G. Giancotti, and D. B. Rifkin Interactions between Growth Factors and Integrins: Latent Forms of Transforming Growth Factor-beta Are Ligands for the Integrin alpha vbeta 1 Mol. Biol. Cell, September 1, 1998; 9(9): 2627 - 2638. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
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G. Serini, M.-L. Bochaton-Piallat, P. Ropraz, A. Geinoz, L. Borsi, L. Zardi, and G. Gabbiani The Fibronectin Domain ED-A Is Crucial for Myofibroblastic Phenotype Induction by Transforming Growth Factor-{beta}1 J. Cell Biol., August 10, 1998; 142(3): 873 - 881. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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J. Saharinen, J. Taipale, O. Monni, and J. Keski-Oja Identification and Characterization of a New Latent Transforming Growth Factor-beta -binding Protein, LTBP-4 J. Biol. Chem., July 17, 1998; 273(29): 18459 - 18469. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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T. H. van Kuppevelt, M. A. B. A. Dennissen, W. J. van Venrooij, R. M. A. Hoet, and J. H. Veerkamp Generation and Application of Type-specific Anti-Heparan Sulfate Antibodies Using Phage Display Technology. FURTHER EVIDENCE FOR HEPARAN SULFATE HETEROGENEITY IN THE KIDNEY J. Biol. Chem., May 22, 1998; 273(21): 12960 - 12966. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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G. R. Adams and S. A. McCue Localized infusion of IGF-I results in skeletal muscle hypertrophy in rats J Appl Physiol, May 1, 1998; 84(5): 1716 - 1722. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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R. Sadir, E. Forest, and H. Lortat-Jacob The Heparan Sulfate Binding Sequence of Interferon-gamma Increased the On Rate of the Interferon-gamma -Interferon-gamma Receptor Complex Formation J. Biol. Chem., May 1, 1998; 273(18): 10919 - 10925. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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L. Lai, F. Chen, S. McKenna, and I. Goldschneider Identification of an IL-7-Associated Pre-Pro-B Cell Growth-Stimulating Factor (PPBSF). II. PPBSF Is a Covalently Linked Heterodimer of IL-7 and a Mr 30,000 Cofactor J. Immunol., March 1, 1998; 160(5): 2280 - 2286. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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M. Larsen, S. J. Ressler, B. Lu, M. J. Gerdes, L. McBride, T. D. Dang, and D. R. Rowley Molecular Cloning and Expression of ps20 Growth Inhibitor. A NOVEL WAP-TYPE "FOUR-DISULFIDE CORE" DOMAIN PROTEIN EXPRESSED IN SMOOTH MUSCLE J. Biol. Chem., February 20, 1998; 273(8): 4574 - 4584. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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D. Hamerman Aging and the musculoskeletal system Ann Rheum Dis, October 1, 1997; 56(10): 578 - 585. [Full Text] |
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M. Gschwendt, F.-J. Johannes, W. Kittstein, and F. Marks Regulation of Protein Kinase Cµ by Basic Peptides and Heparin. PUTATIVE ROLE OF AN ACIDIC DOMAIN IN THE ACTIVATION OF THE KINASE J. Biol. Chem., August 15, 1997; 272(33): 20742 - 20746. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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R. Somasundaram, M. Ruehl, N. Tiling, R. Ackermann, M. Schmid, E. O. Riecken, and D. Schuppan Collagens Serve as an Extracellular Store of Bioactive Interleukin 2 J. Biol. Chem., December 1, 2000; 275(49): 38170 - 38175. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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C.-P. Kwan, G. Venkataraman, Z. Shriver, R. Raman, D. Liu, Y. Qi, L. Varticovski, and R. Sasisekharan Probing Fibroblast Growth Factor Dimerization and Role of Heparin-like Glycosaminoglycans in Modulating Dimerization and Signaling J. Biol. Chem., June 22, 2001; 276(26): 23421 - 23429. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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