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The FASEB Journal, Vol 11, 37-44, Copyright © 1997 by The Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology
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RA Mufson
Immunology Department, Jerome Holland Laboratory, American Red Cross, Rockville, Maryland 19855, USA.
The hematopoietic cytokine receptors rapidly activate tyrosine phosphorylation after ligand engagement. In addition, however, serine/threonine phosphorylation of important effector molecules also icreases. Interleukins 2-5 and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor all activate protein kinase C. This results in serine/threonine phosphorylation of such important regulatory molecules as Raf-1 kinase, myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate, and SOS. These phosphorylated effector molecules are regulators of important genes related to cell survival and proliferation. In addition, as yet uncharacterized serine/threonine kinases associate directly with the hematopoietic receptor subunits themselves. These kinases may contribute to the phosphorylation of the STAT family of transcription factors that is important in regulating cytokine-specific gene inductions. Thus, it is time to begin integrating serine/threonine kinases into the postulated signaling pathways activated by hematopoietic cytokine receptors.
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